Both non-Lambertian shading, specularities in particular, and occluding contours have ill-matched binocular disparities. For example, the disparities of specularities depend not only on a surface's position but also on its curvature. Shading and contour disparities do in general not specify a point on the surface. I investigated how shading and contours contribute to perceived shape in stereosc...

Nitrogen availability and illumination intensity are two key factors which affect rice growth. However, their influences on total nitrogen accumulation, photosynthetic rate, root morphologies, and yields are not fully understood. We conducted two field experiments to (1) evaluate the effects of shading under different N treatments on photosynthetic parameters, root morphologies, total nutrient ...

Physically grounded shading models have been known for many years, but they have only recently started to replace the " ad-hoc " models in common use for both film and game production. Compared to " ad-hoc " models, which require laborious tweaking to produce high-quality images, physically-based, energy-conserving shading models easily create materials that hold up under a variety of lighting ...

Photovoltaic array exhibits highly nonlinear electrical characteristics and the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is always challenging. It becomes more complex during partial shading condition. The P-V array characteristics for shading condition have multiple maxima points and conventional MPPT technique fails to track global maximum power point. The operating point may settle at local point...

We studied the integration of image disparities, edge information, and shading in the three-dimensional perception of complex yet well-controlled images generated with a computer-graphics system. The images showed end-on views of flat- and smooth-shaded ellipsoids, i.e., images with and without intensity discontinuities (edges). A map of perceived depth was measured by adjusting a small stereo ...

In this paper, we present our practical examples of physically based shading models that we implemented. In the game industry, traditional ad-hoc shading models are mainly used because of performance, though recently, physically based models have been attracting more attention. In our studio, artists had some difficulty setting parameters for physically correct materials using the following ad ...

This paper presents results following 6 growing seasons of a project designed to examine the use of tree shelters as a means to provide initial shade for planted Engelmann spruce seedlings. Seedlings were planted in 1996 on a 48-ha (119-ac) high-elevation site with different colors of tree shelters providing various degrees of shading. A control treatment, consisting of shading using debris wit...

Complex procedural shaders are commonly used to enrich the appearance of high-quality computer animations. In traditional rendering architectures the shading computation is performed independently for each animation frame which leads to significant costs. In this paper we propose an approach which eliminates redundant computation between subsequent frames by exploiting temporal coherence in sha...

Self-shading of light by algae growing in a column of water plays an important:role in the dynamics of algal blooms. Thus without self-shading the algal concentration would increase more rapidly, making the nutrient limitation too strong. Apart from the practical importance of self-shading, its inherent nonlinearity in the growth dynamics leads to an interesting mathematical problem, which warr...