We review recent evidence concerning the significance of inhibitory GABA transmission and of neural disinhibition, that is, deficient GABA transmission, within the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, for clinically relevant cognitive functions. Both regions support important cognitive functions, including attention and memory, and their dysfunction has been implicated in cognitive deficits c...

OBJECTIVES Antiretroviral therapy (ART) availability in a population may influence risky sexual behaviour. We examine the potential impact of ART on the HIV epidemic, incorporating evidence for the impact that ART may have on risky sexual behaviour. METHODS A mathematical model, parameterised using site-specific data from Uganda and worldwide literature review, was used to examine the likely ...

INTRODUCTION The genetic heritability for sensation-seeking tendencies ranges from 40 to 60%. Sensation-seeking behaviors typically manifest during adolescence and are associated with alcohol and cigarette experimentation in adolescents. Social disinhibition is an aspect of sensation-seeking that is closely tied to cigarette and alcohol experimentation. METHODS We examined the contribution of...

In this paper we review recent findings on the disinhibition of dietary restraint Disinhibition induced by preloading depends more upon the perception that the diet has been broken than on actual calorie content of the preload. Disinhibition can also result from emotional distress, with ego-threats more likely than physical fear to disinhibit eating. Low self-esteem dieters are more likely to b...

Disinhibition-mediated long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus involves GABAergic synaptic plasticity at feedforward inhibitory inputs, resulting in the reduced shunting of glutamatergic excitatory currents. The GABAergic plasticity which underlies disinhibition-mediated LTP results from a Ca(2+)-dependent decrease in the activity of the K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter (KCC2)...

OBJECTIVE A recent study has reported that early sexual behavior predicts the development of substance use disorders (SUD). However, that relationship was considered by its authors to be only tentative, because it was based on cross-sectional data rather than longitudinal data. Another recent study reported that deviant activities of peers predict development of SUD, although that relationship ...

NMDA receptor antagonists produce region-specific neurodegeneration by an undetermined mechanism, but one proposed mechanism involves disinhibition. In certain areas of the brain, NMDA receptors mediate excitatory drive onto inhibitory interneurons. Thus, NMDA receptor/channel antagonists may reduce inhibition (i.e., produce "disinhibition"). If a sufficient level of disinhibition is produced, ...

BACKGROUND Antiretroviral treatment restores the physical and immunological function for patients with HIV/AIDS and the return of sexual desire. The frequency and correlates of sexual activity among patients receiving ART have not been widely studied. There is concern that widespread availability of ART may result in sexual disinhibition including practice of high-risk sexual behavior. We deter...