cell free dnas (cfdnas) are small fragments of genomic or mitochondrial dna releasing from cells into the blood stream. the presence of cfdna in the human circulatory system has been shown for the first time in 1948 however, the potential clinical applications of cfdna remained unknown until recent progress in detection and quantification of these molecules by sensitive methods. in this paper, ...

In mammals, the Y-linked SRY gene is normally responsible for testis induction, yet testis development can occur in the absence of Y-linked genes, including SRY. The canine model of SRY-negative XX sex reversal could lead to the discovery of novel genes in the mammalian sex determination pathway. The autosomal genes causing testis induction in this disorder in dogs, humans, pigs, and horses are...

Owing to the demand for sustainable sex-control protocols in aquaculture, research in tilapia sex determination is gaining momentum. The mutual influence of environmental and genetic factors hampers disentangling the complex sex determination mechanism in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Previous linkage analyses have demonstrated quantitative trait loci for the phenotypic sex on linkage g...

We report on the construction of sex-specific high-density linkage maps and identification of sex-linked markers for the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Overall, we identified 44 male and 43 female linkage groups (2n = 88) from the analysis of 2,306 AFLP markers segregating in three full-sib families, covering 2,378 and 2,362 cM, respectively. Twenty-one putatively homologous linkage grou...

Cytological and immunochemical studies were carried out on dioecious Coccinia indica to understand the genetic control of sex expression. The somatic chromosome number of both the sex forms of C. indica was found to be 2n = 24 and the karyotype shows high homogeneity, though a distinct heteromorphic pair of sex chromosomes is found in male sex forms of C. Indica. Soluble protein profile from th...

Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common human cancers. It fourth cause death from cancer. cancer third in men and second women worldwide. Objective: To evaluate immunohistochemical expression KAI-1/CD82 different stages colorectal to biological behavior tumor target therapy. Patients Methods: Thirty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (obtained archive Al-Azhar Uni...

Sexual differences in behavior are generated by sexually dimorphic neural circuits animals. In insects, a highly conserved sex-determining gene doublesex (dsx) plays essential roles the development of sexual dimorphisms. present study, to elucidate basis behaviors silkmoth Bombyx mori, we investigated mori dsx (Bmdsx) expression brains through development. brain, Bmdsx was differentially expres...

small supernumerary marker chromosomes (ssmc) are still a major problem in clinical cytogenetics as they cannot be identified or characterized unambiguously by conventional cytogenetics alone. on the other hand, and perhaps more importantly in prenatal settings, there is a challenging situation for counseling how to predict the risk for an abnormal phenotype, especially in cases with a de novo ...

In fish, little is known about sex-specific differences in physiology and performance of the heart whether these manifest during development. Here for first time, rates embryogenesis Gambusia holbrooki, from onset (HRs) to just prior parturition, was investigated using light cardiogram. The genetic sex embryos post-verified a marker. Results reveal that resting time significantly increase (p &l...