bazargan and poldasht plains are located in the north of west azarbaijan, northwest of iran. in this area, groundwater supplies main water demands. aim of this research is assessment of aquifer vulnerability for contamination potential on the basis of hydrogeological conditions of the study area. for this purpose the combined use of the drastic and geographical information system (gis) demonstr...

Introduction The objective of this study was to report full-torso surface topography (ST) parameters and to determine test-retest standard error of measurement (SEM) in adolescents without spinal deformities. ST is used to quantify the external deformity of the torso due to scoliosis. A normative ST database is being developed to help interpret the ST parameters used to describe scoliosis. Test...

PURPOSE To investigate the bilateral symmetry of the global corneal topography in normal corneas with a wide range of curvature, astigmatism and thickness values. DESIGN Cross-Sectional Study. METHODS Topography images were recorded for the anterior and posterior surfaces of 342 participants using a Pentacam. Elevation data were fitted to a general quadratic model that considered both trans...

BACKGROUND Prior electronic cigarette (EC) topography data are based on two video analyses with limited parameters. Alternate methods for measuring topography are needed to understand EC use and nicotine intake. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated EC topography with a CReSS Pocket device and quantified nicotine intake. METHODS Validation tests on pressure drop, flow rate, and volume confirmed r...

a major part of tidal energy is usually dissipated by the interaction of tidal currents with bottom topography. gulf of oman is a marginal sea which has variable topography and its dominant tidal constituent is m2 semi-diurnal tide. in this paper, the interaction of barotropic tidal current with bottom topography is evaluated. this phenomenon causes the formation of internal tide. internal tide...

ith the expanding literature and discourse at professional meetings regarding the influence of corneal topography on outcomes following laser refractive surgery, the need for a universal, standardized classification system has become increasingly apparent. We have previously reported a seven-category topography classification schema for eyes following excimer laser pho-torefractive keratectomy ...

Introduction: Glaze et al. [1] and Baloga et al. [2] have both recently indicated the importance of understanding the scale of a lava flow relative to the surrounding topography in extracting inferences about rheologic changes and the interpretation of the style of emplacement. The underlying scientific issue is whether flow emplacement is controlled by the largescale topographic inclination or...

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radars (InSAR) have been used to measure several geophysical quantities such as topography, glacier flows and deformations [1]. To estimate the surface topography, the phase difference between two or more complex SAR images acquired using two slightly different flight paths or two physically separated antennas is used. Then through geometrical equations relati...

The relations among acoustic parameters of a vocal operant were considered and some methods for their measurement are described. Four human subjects (Ss) and one chick were employed in an experiment on the relations among vocal rate, vocal topography, and schedules of reinforcement. The earlier finding that schedules of reinforcement control human and infra-human vocal responding as they do oth...