and Applied Analysis 3 2. Existence and Uniqueness In this section, the existence and uniqueness of the minimizer for the model 1.4 are proved. Some basic notations and properties concerning with the BV 2 space can be seen in 8, 13 . Motivated by 5 , we have the following existence and uniqueness result for the optimization problem 1.4 . Theorem 2.1. Assume Ω is an open, bounded Lipschitz domai...

For a AiJ game played on w, we show that the winning player has a winning strategy that is recursive in E! , where Ex is the total type-2 object that embodies operation sf . 0. Introduction The complexity of winning strategies for certain definable games played on co can, quite often, be expressed in terms of recursion in (appropriate) higher types. The simplest and the earliest known result is...

Background To systematically investigate the performance and interobserver variability of a new standardized workflow for the analysis of aortic hemodynamics based on 4D-flow MRI in a study with 30 subjects. The semi-automated workflow was developed to ensure faster and standardized data analysis including systematic placement of analysis planes, 3D-flow visualization, and quantification of sta...

Quantification is well known to be a major ob­ stacle in the construction of a probabilistic net­ work, especially when relying on human experts for this purpose. The construction of a qualitative probabilistic network has been proposed as an initial step in a network's quantification, since the qualitative network can be used to gain prelimi­ nary insight in the projected network's reasoning b...

BACKGROUND Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a novel tool for monitoring acute and chronic disease states in small laboratory animals. Its value for assessing progressive lung fibrosis in mice has not been reported so far. Here we examined the importance of in vivo micro-CT as non-invasive tool to assess progression of pulmonary fibrosis in mice over time. METHODS Pulmonary fibrosis was...

Dextran sulfate is semi-synthetic, polydisperse sulfated polysaccharide with important applications in clinical practice, in the manufacturing of plasma derived protein therapeutics and in biomedical research. The sensitive detection of dextran sulfate is relevant to preclinical and clinical drug development projects, the quality control of pharmaceutic formulations, and the process control in ...

A review of material flow analysis (MFA) tools, comparison of case studies and analysis of approximately 20 MFA tools (static, semi-empirical models) are performed. The evaluation of the quantification procedures revealed several deficits in the approaches. The following principal complications for a reliable quantification of inputs from the urban water system are identified: (1) frequently in...

BACKGROUND Primary to validate a commercial semi-automated computed tomography angiography (CTA) -software for vulnerable plaque detection compared to histology of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) specimens and secondary validating calcifications scores by in vivo CTA with ex vivo non-contrast enhanced computed tomography (NCCT). METHODS From January 2014 to October 2016 53 patients were included...

HIV persists in latently infected cells of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). This persistent proviral DNA reservoir is an important predictor of viral rebound upon therapy failure or interruption and forms a major obstacle towards cure. Accurate quantification of the low levels of persisting HIV DNA may aid patient monitoring and cure research. Digital PCR is a promising tool that enabl...