Objective: Verbal fluency is a cognitive function that can be easily assessed in bedside and provide useful data for clinical assessment of a variety of cognitive functions. We decided to provide a standardized test for the assessment of verbal fluency in Persian language, including both phonemic and semantic fluency subtests.  Method: First, three letters (P, D, and Sh) and three categories (...

Objective: According to the declarative/procedural model, the semantic aspect of language depends on the brain structures responsible for declarative memory. The word pairs task is a common tool for evaluating declarative memory. The current study aimed to design a valid and reliable task for evaluating declarative memory in Persian children at learning and retention stages and to investigate i...

content-based image retrieval and text-based image retrieval are two fundamental approaches in the field of image retrieval. the challenges related to each of these approaches, guide the researchers to use combining approaches and semi-automatic retrieval using the user interaction in the retrieval cycle. hence, in this paper, an image retrieval system is introduced that provided two kind of qu...

translation is an active process in which a meaning is transferred from a source to a target language. during this process, meaning must have accordance with two main semantic sub-systems: signification and evaluation. signification is related to a signified unit of a linguistic sign and its encompassing properties known as seme. however, evaluation includes a range of different actualizations ...

the present study is a randomized pilot project that intends to test the graded salience hypothesis (giora, 1997), to investigate the major factors contributing to understanding meaning. according to graded salience hypothesis, more salient meanings–coded meanings foremost on our mind due to conventionality, frequency, familiarity, or prototypicality–are accessed faster than and reach sufficien...

this study investigated the effect of using visual aids, semantic elaboration, and visual aids plus semantic elaboration on the iranian efl learners' vocabulary learning. to conduct the study, the researchers assigned 49 elementary learners to three homogeneous groups according to their proficiency level. then, a pre-test of paribakht and wesche's vocabulary knowledge scale was given ...

the immense extent and richness of arabic lexical resources which bring about a great semantic extension, emerge in different ways, one of which is sobriquet. arabs used “alam” (proper noun) in three different forms, namely sobriquet, nickname and noun. in certain cases and due to rhetoric and semantic reasons, arabs used sobriquet instead of noun or nickname. gradually, this application became...

1. introduction in addition to simple verbs, persian employs a large number of complex predicates consisting of a preverbal element and a light verb. the preverbal element can be a noun, an adjective, an adverb or a preposition phrase, which combines with a verb to form a single syntactic predicate. persian complex verbs have attracted some researchers (e.g. folli, harley & karimi 2005, karimi ...