Beauty Is the Promise of Happiness”? We measure the impact of individuals’ looks on their life satisfaction or happiness. Using five data sets from the U.S., Canada, the U.K., and Germany, we construct beauty measures in different ways that allow putting a lower bound on the true effects of beauty on happiness. Personal beauty raises happiness, with a one standard-deviation change in beauty gen...

Sublearning, a model for learning of subconcepts of a concept, is presented. Sublearning a class of total recursive functions informally means to learn all functions from that class together with all of their subfunctions. While in language learning it is known to be impossible to learn any infinite language together with all of its sublanguages, the situation changes for sublearning of functio...

The notion of a “second-order probability” (a probability distribution defined over a space of probability distributions), while not exactly commonplace, has become less obscure in recent decades due to the advent of imprecise probability theory as developed by Peter Walley [1] and others [2]. It is straightforward to generalize the notion further to thirdorder probabilities and so forth; and t...

We examine how a manager’s ethnic cultural background affects managers’ communication with investors. Using a sample of earnings conference calls transcripts with 26,430 executives from 42 countries, we find that managers from ethnic groups that have a more individualistic culture (i) use a more optimistic tone, (ii) exhibit greater self-reference, and (iii) make fewer apologies in their disclo...

It is well established that people perceive streaks where they do not exist. However, little is known about what constitutes a streak in the mind of an observer. This paper proposes that the third repeat event in a sequence is pivotal to the subjective belief that a streak is occurring. In five studies, we find direct and indirect evidence that perceived streakiness plateaus with the third repe...

The book consists of an introductory chapter followed by eight original papers on self-refence. The full table of contents is given in Figure 1. Below we will give a short introduction to each of the contributing papers in the anthology. The descriptions below assume familiarity with the basic concepts and ideas of self-reference. These basic concepts and ideas are described thoroughly in the f...

Research has shown service learning to have an impact on the development of students' professional knowledge and skills as well as their social awareness. However, there has been limited empirical research conducted regarding the benefits of service learning in the area of IS. Unlike service learning projects in other disciplines, where the service activity facilitates direct contact between th...

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We consider the problem of aggregation of incomplete preferences represented by arbitrary binary relations or incomplete paired comparison matrices. For a number of indirect scoring procedures we examine whether or not they satisfy the axiom of self-consistent monotonicity. The class of win-loss combining scoring procedures is introduced which contains a majority of known scoring procedures. Tw...

This paper explores the way in which the location of science as a social practice has changed in the UK during the last two decades. It argues that accounting is implicated in this change because it has facilitated the commodification of science knowledge products. Science is no longer an open and codifiable practice, but is rather a closed and private one. This change has disrupted the existin...