Although people from East Asian countries consistently report lower self-esteem than do those from Western countries, the origins of this difference are unclear. We conducted two studies to illuminate this issue. Study 1 found that Chinese participants appraised themselves less positively than American participants on a cognitive measure of self-evaluations, but cultural differences were absent...

abstract background: attention to different aspects of self‑efficacy leads to actual evaluation of self‑efficacy about physical activity. this study was carried out in order to design and determine psychometric characteristics of a questionnaire for evaluation of self‑efficacy about leisure time physical activity (selpa) among iranian adolescent boys, with an emphasis on regulatory self‑efficac...

• A bogus pipeline paradigm examined self-assessments of narcissism and self-esteem. • Grandiosity was higher if surveys might be seen than when monitored by a polygraph. • Self-esteem was higher if surveys might be seen than when connected to a polygraph. • Narcissism was positively correlated with self-esteem in all study conditions. • Findings contradict the psychodynamic mask model and the ...

The paper presents a survey study that investigates the self-conscious emotion of feeling offended and provides an account of it in terms of a socio-cognitive model of emotions. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the participants' answers, the study provides a definition of offense and of the feeling of offense in terms of its "mental ingredients," the beliefs and goals repre...