‘Reservoir Characterization (RC)’ can be defined as the act of building a reservoir model that incorporates all the characteristics of the reservoir that are pertinent to its ability to store hydrocarbons and also to produce them. It is a difficult problem due to non-linear and heterogeneous subsurface properties and associated with a number of complex tasks such as data fusion, data mining, fo...

The discrimination of fluid content and lithology in a reservoir is an important characterization that has a bearing on reservoir development and its management. For the unconventional reservoirs, such as shale gas formations, besides other favorable considerations that are expected of them, it is vital that reservoir zones are brittle. Brittle zones frac better and fracing of shale gas reservo...

avo theory was introduced around 20 years ago. in recent years, this technique was become to a major tool in hydrocarbon sources exploration. by the help of this method with the suitable understanding from underground layers and knowing how to use this technology, quantitative specifications of reservoir can be recognized. avo analysis is a seismic technique that by using of pre-stack data, est...

The shallow gas zone in the Pantai Pakam Timur (PPT) field, located in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia, has recently become an important target for development. However, only two wells were drilled in peripheral part of the field. In this situation the method of Geostatistics is hardly applied because of less control points, but there is a new suitable method to estimate reservoir properties under ...

For wave propagation at low frequencies in a porous medium, the Gassmann-Domenico relations are well-established for homogeneous partial saturation by a liquid. They provide the correct relations for seismic velocities in terms of constituent bulk and shear moduli, solid and fluid densities, porosity and saturation. It has not been possible, however, to invert these relations easily to determin...

Seismic coherence is widely used in seismic interpretation and reservoir characterization to highlight (with low values) faults and stratigraphic features from a seismic image. A coherence image can be computed from the eigenvalues of conventional structure tenors, which are outer products of gradients of a seismic image. I have developed a simple but effective method to improve such a coherenc...

Reservoir characterization This paper gives an overview of the activities in geostatistics for the Petroleum industry in the domain of reservoir characterization. This description has been simplified in order to emphasize the original techniques involved. The main steps of a study consist in successively building: • the reservoir architecture where the geometry of the units is established, • th...

In the Mari field, 3D seismic, conventional attribute methodologies on the full stack, broadband data set showed an ambiguous fault definition. Frequency Spectral Decomposition has been applied on Mari 3D seismic data and generated attribute maps, which exhibited substantially more fidelity than full-bandwidth, conventional attributes. It has been found that fault definition is superior to conv...

After the May 12, 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan, suspicion grew among Earth scientists that the Zipingpu Dam reservoir had triggered the devastating earthquake, which killed more than 80,000 Chinese citizens. Since then, some 50 to 60 articles and studies have investigated this massive seismic event and its relationship to the Zipingpu reservoir. This paper reviews the literature and con...

We extend time-domain velocity continuation to the zero-offset 3D azimuthally anisotropic case. Velocity continuation describes how a seismic image changes given a change in migration velocity. This description turns out to be of a wave propagation process, in which images change along a velocity axis. In the anisotropic case, the velocity model is multi-parameter. Therefore, anisotropic image ...