Fast cancellation or switching of action plans is a critical cognitive function. Rapid signal transmission is key for quickly executing and inhibiting responses, and the structural integrity of connections between brain regions plays a crucial role in signal transmission speed. In this study, we used the search-step task, which has been used in nonhuman primates to measure dynamic alteration of...

To investigate how single neurons in the supplementary eye field (SEF) participate in sequential performance of multiple saccades, we analyzed presaccadic activity while monkeys were performing three saccades in six different orders from memory. The saccades in each sequence were separated by a fixation period and initiated from the same fixation point with intervening return saccades. We found...

In a large-scale sensor network individual sensors are subject to security compromises. A compromised node can inject bogus sensing reports into the network. If undetected, these bogus reports would be forwarded to the data collection point (i.e. the sink). Such attacks by compromised sensors can cause not only false alarms but also the depletion of the finite amount of energy in a battery powe...

Although the supplementary eye field (SEF) has been implicated in the control of head movements associated with gaze shifts, there is no direct evidence that SEF plays a role in the generation of head movements independent of gaze. If the SEF does, varying the duration of stimulation should selectively alter the head-movement kinematics during the postgaze-shift period. The duration of the stim...

Missal, M. and S. J. Heinen. Supplementary eye fields stimulation facilitates anticipatory pursuit. J Neurophysiol 92: 1257–1262, 2004. First published March 10, 2004; 10.1152/jn.01255.2003. Anticipatory movements are motor responses occurring before likely sensory events in contrast to reflexive actions. Anticipatory movements are necessary to compensate for delays present in sensory and motor...

Visual search is coordinated adaptively by monitoring and predicting the environment. The supplementary eye field (SEF) plays a role in oculomotor control and outcome evaluation. However, it is not clear whether the SEF is involved in adjusting behavioral modes based on preceding feedback. We hypothesized that the SEF drives exploration-exploitation transitions by generating "surprise signals" ...

How does working memory store multiple spatial positions to control sequences of eye movements, particularly when the same items repeat at multiple list positions, or ranks, during the sequence? An Item-Order-Rank model of working memory shows how rank-selective representations enable storage and recall of items that repeat at arbitrary list positions. Rank-related activity has been observed in...

Cyclodextrin (CD) molecules are polycyclic glucose oligomers that have a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic cavity. This structure provides CD the characteristic of enhancing the solubility of groundwater pollutants. The degree to which CD increases the apparent aqueous solubility of certain chemicals has been defined as the solubility enhancement factor (SEF). In this study, a novel and ex...

PURPOSE To estimate dose-response relationship using dynamic quantitative (99m)Tc-pertechnate scintigraphy in head-neck cancer patients treated with parotid-sparing conformal radiotherapy. METHODS Dynamic quantitative pertechnate salivary scintigraphy was performed pre-treatment and subsequently periodically after definitive radiotherapy. Reduction in salivary function following radiotherapy ...