PURPOSE OF REVIEW Procedures are increasingly being performed in the acute care setting, outside of the operating rooms (OR). This article aims to review the current literature on out-of-OR procedural sedation with a focus on the ICU and emergency department, highlighting the following topics: multidisciplinary team approach, choice of pharmacologic agent, sedation scales, current safety guidel...

UNLABELLED In this study, we tested the validity of the bispectral index (BIS) monitor during conscious and deep sedation of children by comparing it with the University of Michigan Sedation Scale (UMSS), a validated observational pediatric sedation scale. Eighty-six children <12 yr of age were enrolled in this observational study. The subjects underwent conscious or deep sedation administered ...

Overuse of sedation in patients treated with mechanical ventilation can increase duration of ventilation, duration of delirium, and time to discharge. Although current principles of care include implementation of sedation protocols and/or daily interruptions in sedation to improve patients' outcomes, these strategies remain underused. Historically, a barrier to use of protocols has been a perce...

introduction: physicians frequently deal with procedures which require sedation of pediatric patients. laceration repair is one of them. no study has been performed regarding the comparison between induction of sedation with sodium thiopental and ketamine in laceration repair. therefore, the present study was aimed to comparison of induced sedation by rectal sodium thiopental and muscular injec...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sedation and anesthesia outside the operating room represents a rapidly growing field of practice that involves a number of different specialty providers including anesthesiology. The literature surrounding this work is found in a variety of journals - many outside anesthesiology. This review is intended to inform readers about the current status of risk and safety involving s...

Several observational and objective methods are available to assess sedation depth; however, data regarding their accuracy in differentiating deep sedation are limited. In this study we compared 3 sedation tools in children from birth to 18 yr of age and determined their relative value in detecting deep levels of sedation. Bispectral index monitoring (BIS), Modified Maintenance of Wakefulness T...

BACKGROUND For patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) or under monitored anesthetic care (MAC), the precise monitoring of sedation depth facilitates the optimization of dosage and prevents adverse complications from underor over-sedation. For this purpose, conventional subjective sedation scales, such as the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAA/S) or the Ramsay scale, have been w...

Procedural sedation and analgesia is one of the common clinical practices in the emergency department. The level of sedation must be adjusted in such a way that it allows patient to tolerate unpleasant procedures while maintaining normal physiologic reflexes and consciousness and able to understand and respond to verbal or light tactile stimulus. Although drugs used for procedural sedation has ...

INRODUCTION Bispectral Index is an objective tool to assess electroencephalographic activity and measure the effect of certain sedatives and hypnotics on the brain. In addition, there are certain subjective tools such as the observer's assessment of alertness and sedation which are used. The correlation between BIS and the concentration of propofol in the brain, and the relationship between the...

Background Identifying risk factors for unplanned extubation in patients receiving mechanical ventilation can help guide prevention strategies. Objective To assess the risk of unplanned extubation with different sedation strategies. Methods A 36-month quality improvement study in a 33-bed intensive care unit at a tertiary-care center. Results A total of 92 unplanned extubations occurred (7.5 ev...