Cryptographic hash functions for calculating the message digest of a message has been in practical use as an effective measure to maintain message integrity since a few decades. This message digest is unique, irreversible and avoids all types of collisions for any given input string. The message digest calculated from this algorithm is propagated in the communication medium along with the origi...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Secured independent tools are being introduced to aid in peritoneoscopy. We present a simple technique for anchoring instruments, powered lights, and micro machines through the abdominal wall. METHODS We used a laparoscopic trainer, micro alligator clips with one or two 2-0 nylon tails and cables for engines and lights. The above instruments were introduced via a 12-...

Network virtualization promises to fulfill the demand for an agile Internet that is friendly to technological innovation. In the past, tremendous effort s have been dedicated to studying the fundamental problem in network virtualization, namely Virtual Network Embedding (VNE). However, until recently, very limited work has addressed the security issues and implications of VNE or network virtual...

Video-conferencing over IP networks is rapidly becoming a popular application. Currently, there are two standards for signaling that are used in such applications. H.323 is the signaling standard from ITU-T (used by most commercial video-conferencing system) and SIP, which is an IETF approved standard for voice and video communications. In this paper, we present federated security mechanisms as...

Wireless medical sensor network is used in healthcare applications that have the collections of biosensors connected to a human body or emergency care unit to monitor the patient's physiological vital status. The real-time medical data collected using wearable medical sensors are transmitted to a diagnostic centre. The data generated from the sensors are aggregated at this centre and transmitte...