The macroeconomy and social policies can have substantial influences on poverty in the United States. In this paper, I investigate whether these influences differ across metro and nonmetro areas. To do so, using a 16-year panel of state-level data, I estimate state and year fixed effects models separately for metro and nonmetro areas to see if the effects of the macroeconomy and social policies...

This study aimed to detect and to identify the main strains of airborne microorganisms present in the Shanghai Metro system. Samples were collected using agar plates exposed to the air and microorganisms were identified using catalase, plasma coagulase and hymolytic analysis. The results show that the concentration of mildew present within a newly opened metro line was significantly higher than...

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system is being used in various fields of engineering and automation in recent times. Every year, lot of people commits suicide at metro stations by jumping before the metro trains. Metro railways are a pride of Kolkata as well as India. Such suicides create a lot of inconvenience for the commuters as well as routine operation of train services. Such suicid...

Localities in developed countries often enact regulations to deter low-income households from moving in. In developing countries, such restrictions lead to the emergence of informal housing sectors. To deter low-income migrants, localities in developing countries withhold public services to the informal housing sector. Using a large sample of Brazilian localities, we examine migration and exclu...

The recent volatility of population redistribution trends in the U.S. continues to stimulate the demographic imagination. This research sheds new light on this subject through an examination of newly designated metro areas, which collectively constitute the largest source of national metropolitan growth in two of the past three decades. Results show that over this period new metro areas have co...

This paper briefly describes the WebNize system and how it applies a Metro Map metaphor for organizing guided tours in Web based resources. Then experiences in using the Metro Map based tours in a Knowledge Sharing project at the library at Aarhus School of Business (ASB) in Denmark, is discussed. The Library has been involved in establishing a Learning Resource Centre (LRC). The LRC serves as ...

We present an application focused on the design of resilient longreach passive optical networks. We specifically consider dual-parented networks whereby each customer must be connected to two metro sites via local exchange sites. An important property of such a placement is resilience to single metro node failure. The objective of the application is to determine the optimal position of a set of...

Carriers and service providers are rushing to provide Ethernet-based virtual private network services in metro area network (MAN) as the most cost effective way to address the needs of the enterprise network market. To address the fast recovery from any signal failure issue in the Metro Ethernet, we propose a metro Ethernet architecture based on multiple Enhanced Self-protected Spanning Trees (...

This paper evaluates cost efficiency and some of its managerial determinants in Germany’s local public transport. A heteroscedastic Stochastic Frontier approach reveals that a high degree of tramcar utilisation and a high outsourcing degree influence the efficiency predictions positively. Mean efficiencies lie between 0.849 and 0.952, depending on the applied panel data models accounting for un...