Energy carriers are one of the most important inputs in the agricultural sector. These inputs have been the foundation of the development and transition of the agricultural sector from the traditional stage to the industrial stage. The energy per capita marginal consumption in Iran’s agricultural sector is 3.2 times greater than its global average. Therefore, it is essential to save and optimal...

The philosophy of efficient energy consumption is vitally crucial to profitable production cost in manufacturing industries. This is because the unit production cost is largely determined by the cost of unit energy supply; which is quite higher than the cost of raw materials in Nigeria. It has been established that the Nigerian industrial sector is responsible for 8.7% of the total energy consu...

iran is one of the most energy-rich countries subsidizing energy carriers, especially in the agricultural sector, to the extent that the resulting growth is at the expense of the environment. this study tries to investigate the potential impacts of energy price reform on the agro-environment, based on the marginal abatement costs (macs) of emissions. firstly, the energy demand function of the a...

The food sector can be defined as the whole range of activities that determine the relationship between agricultural production and the consumer. The food sector includes all sorts of technical, trading and service activities related to the storage and processing, packaging, transport, distribution of food, and catering. The first section of this paper analyzes the challenges facing the future ...

This study compares the energy intensity performance in Indonesia to other south-east Asia countries such as Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, The Philippines and Malaysia for the period from 1971 to 2016. For this goal, this research employs a multiplicative Log Mean Divisia Index II method and Spatial-Temporal Index Decomposition Analysis. The manufacturing sector and commercial sector played a k...