We seek foundations for a possible theory of domain descriptions. Sect. 2 informally outlines what we mean by a domain. Sect. 3 informally outlines the entities whose description form a description of a domain. Sect. 4 then suggests one way of formalising such description parts1. There are other ways of formally describing The exemplified description approach is model-oriented, specifically the...

Description Logics [1] are logical formalisms for representing information about classes and objects. They are very often used as the basis of knowledge representation systems and have been used recently to develop OWL semantic web language, which can be viewed as an expressive Description Logic. There is an impressive variety of Description Logics with diverse expressiveness and complexity, or...

The effect of (a huge number of) pumping holes on beam dynamics and stability, described in terms of coupling impedances, is a fundamental issue and has been carefully investigated, both theoretically [1] and experimentally [2]. With the exception of a few very simple pipe geometris, for which the modal expansion of the electromagnetic field is available, beam coupling impedances can be only co...

In this lecture, the early history of asymptotic freedom is discussed. The first completely correct derivation of β0 in non-abelian gauge theory (Khriplovich, 1969) was done in the Coulomb gauge; this derivation is reproduced (in modernized terms) in Sect. 2. A qualitative physical explanation of asymptotic freedom via chromomagnetic properties of vacuum (Nielsen, 1981) is discussed in Sect. 3.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are hollow, long cylinders with extremely large aspect ratios, made of one atomic sheet of carbon atoms in a honeycomb lattice. They possess extraordinary thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties and are considered as one of the most promising nanomaterials for applications and basic research. This chapter describes the structural, electronic, vibra...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Rheum, a highly diversified genus with about 60 species, is mainly confined to the mountainous and desert regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and adjacent areas. This genus represents a good example of the extensive diversification of the temperate genera in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, in which the forces to drive diversification remain unknown. To date, the infrageneric...

Celastrus and Tripterygium species, which are used in traditional Chinese medicine, have attracted much attention due to their anti-tumor promoting and neuroprotective activities, in addition to their applications in autoimmune disorders. However, systematic relationships between them and among species are unclear, and it may disturb their further medicinal utilization. In the present study, th...