While epidemiology is the study of frequencies, trends, and determinants of disease in specified populations, the overriding aim of epidemiology is to apply such knowledge to prevention. Both primary and secondary prevention benefit from a detailed understanding of risk factors that can be uncovered through careful epidemiological research. Clearly some factors associated with outcomes in cross...

BACKGROUND Vaccination and screening are forms of primary and secondary prevention methods. These methods are recommended for controlling the spread of a vast number of diseases and conditions. To determine the most effective preventive methods to be used by a society, multi-level models have shown to be more effective than models that focus solely on individual level characteristics. The Socia...

A 10-year-old male patient with hemoglobin SS suffered a stroke at 7 years of age and was initially transfused at the time of presentation to lower the hemoglobin S concentration to < 30%. You are asked by the family if their child can be treated with oral hydroxyurea rather than monthly transfusions for the secondary prevention of strokes.

Introduction Skin cancer incidence is increasing dramatically throughout Europe. To arrest this trend, a number of campaigns of primary and secondary prevention in the field of skin cancer have been started in several European countries. Because of the widespread importance of this disease, harmonisation and coordination of strategies for prevention is desirable. Therefore, in June 1999, the Eu...

The development of a new frontier for research and early intervention in psychotic disorders is highly dependent on the construction of synergistic clinical infrastructures. This has catalyzed great progress in the recognition, enhanced treatment, and study of first episode psychosis, and the task is even more challenging when the boundaries are extended to include the earliest clinical phase o...

The content provided in these pages has informed the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’s FY 2010 Youth Gang Prevention and Intervention Program. While additional research needs to be done, by adapting the secondary prevention programs described herein and similar evidence-based approaches to address their local gang problems, communities can ensure a better future for their ...

Response to: Diamond DA and Ravnskov U. How statistical deception created the appearance that statins are safe and effective in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Expert Rev Clin Pharm 2015;8(2):201-210.

In its first part the article questions the notion of alcohol-related accidents. It is stressed that the rates of alcohol-related accidents are influenced by changes of the public consciousness of problems. In the second part the share of alcohol involvement in accidents of various nature is shortly indicated. Finally, in the third part, the effect of primary and secondary prevention is discuss...

Stroke is arguably the most feared cardiovascular event among healthy subjects and those with cardiovascular disease. Recent studies document changes in the epidemiology of stroke, both within and beyond the United States, which will impact medical service needs. Advances in our treatments for primary and secondary prevention herald an exciting period of change, which promises to lower stroke r...