The fine structure of bud formation of Metschnikowia krissii was studied by means of ultramicrotomy and transmission electron microscopy. Bud protrusion and development were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Bud formation in this yeast takes place by an extension of a small localized area of the existing parent wall. The parent cell and its bud are initially separated by the plasmalemma...

In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a prospective mother normally commences the formation of a daughter (the bud) only in the G(1) phase of the cell division cycle. This suggests a strict temporal regulation of the processes that initiate the formation of a new bud. Using cortical localization of bud site components Spa2 and Bni1 as an indicator of bud site assembly, we show that cel...

n page 897, Luedeke et al. show that, like the plasma membrane, the ER can be compartmentalized into distinct membrane domains. In budding yeast, this separation restricts the diffusion of ER membrane proteins between the bud and the mother cell. The mRNAs of many bud-specific membrane proteins are actively transported into the bud. To keep these mRNAs and proteins in the bud, they must be kept...

Understanding drought tolerance mechanisms requires knowledge about the induced weakness that leads to tree death. Bud survival is vital to sustain tree growth across seasons. We hypothesized that the hydraulic connection of the bud to stem xylem structures was critical for its survival. During an artificial drastic water stress, we carried out a census of bud metabolic activity of young Populu...

There is a growing interest in precision viticulture with the development of global positioning system and geographical information system technologies. Limited information is available on spatial variation of bud behavior and its possible association with soil properties. The objective of this study was to investigate spatial variability of bud burst percentage and its association with soil pr...

A high airway concentration might be required for the antiasthmatic efficacy of inhaled glucocorticosteroids (GCS). The topical uptake and retention of GCS in airway tissue were compared for GCS of the inhaled type [budesonide (BUD), fluticasone propionate (FP), and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP)] and of the noninhaled type (dexamethasone and hydrocortisone). 3H-labeled GCS solutions were ad...

The ability of the anterior apical ectodermal ridge to promote outgrowth in the chick wing bud when disconnected from posterior apical ridge was examined by rotating the posterior portion of the stage-19/20 to stage-21 wing bud around its anteroposterior axis. This permitted contact between the anterior and posterior mesoderm, without removing wing bud tissue. In a small but significant number ...

In a previous study, we showed that the proline-rich divergent homeobox gene Hex/Prh is expressed in dorsal skin of the chick embryo before and during feather bud development and that the pattern of Hex mRNA expression in the epidermis is similar to that of Wnt7a mRNA. In order to study the function of Hex and the relationship between Hex and Wnt7a in feather bud development, sense and/or antis...

Pharmacokinetic studies can be used to measure lung dose of inhaled drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the lung deposition of budesonide (BUD) inhaled from Turbuhaler (AstraZeneca, Lund, Sweden) and fluticasone propionate (FP) inhaled from Diskus (GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK) and to assess if the study design used for pharmacokinetic studies can be simplified. Plasma levels of BUD and ...

ATP-binding cassette subfamily C (ABCC) genes code for phase III metabolism proteins that translocate xenobiotic (e.g., particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5)) and drug metabolites outside the cells. IL-6 secretion is related with the activation of the ABCC transporters. This study assesses ABCC1-4 gene expression changes and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-8) release in human bronchial epithelial c...