Practitioners around the world are building frameworks for spatial data interoperability and cross-agency coordination, referred to as spatial data infrastructure (SDI). In this study, we attempt to understand how and why SDI practitioners ‘on the ground’ are evaluating their ‘own’ efforts in developing such frameworks. For this purpose, we mobilize concepts from ‘control’ evaluation, as well a...

Presumably, hedge fund managers pursue unique strategies, because they possess innovative ideas and superior investment skills, while less skilled managers are more likely to herd and follow publicly known investment strategies. For investors, knowing how innovative and skillful their managers are is thus extremely important but difficult because of the opaque nature of hedge fund operations. I...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A noninvasive reliable technique that can reveal cerebral blood flow volume could be a valuable tool in screening programs for stroke prevention. In diagnostic ultrasonography, spectral Doppler imaging (SDI) is popular among sonologists and vascular technologists to estimate blood flow volume despite its documented inaccuracy and the availability of the more accurate tech...

Funding the reengineering and recapitalisation of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) will, in part, depend on the ability of SDI component coordinators to comprehend and report on the performance of their initiatives. This is important for both aspects, as for reengineering, the performance of an infrastructure can only be improved if it is measured. For recapitalization, attracting new invest...

BACKGROUND The systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI) has been introduced as a measure of mechanical dyssynchrony using three-dimensional echocardiography to select patients who may benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, three-dimensional echocardiography may be inadequate in a number of patients with suboptimal acoustic window and no single echocardiographic measure of dyssy...

The implementation of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) for governments and companies is a task that has gained ample attention in recent years. Different categories of spatial software such as desktop GIS, server GIS, web map servers, spatial database management systems, web map development toolkits, etc., are required to realize the software components of an SDI. We catalogue a (selected) v...

BACKGROUND Poverty is a major determinant of population health, but little is known about its role in modifying air pollution effects. OBJECTIVES We set out to examine whether people residing in socially deprived communities are at higher mortality risk from ambient air pollution. METHODS This study included 209 tertiary planning units (TPUs), the smallest units for town planning in the Spe...