Nigeria is blessed with abundant iron ore deposits of nearly 3 billion tonnes and other basic minerals for steel production including coal and limestone. Yet the Nigerian steel sector has collapsed principally due to shortage of raw materials particularly iron ore for the integrated steel plants and billets for the rolling mills. The privatization of the steel sector that was done in 2004-2005 ...

The effect of adsorption to elemental iron on the reductive transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (royal demolition explosive [RDX]) in aqueous solution was studied with scrap iron and high-purity iron. In batch experiments with the same total iron surface area and a mixing rate of 100 rpm, TNT and RDX were removed from the solution within 30 ...

Quantifying waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) not arising in documented formal WEEE collection is a major challenge. This paper presents method to characterize estimate quantities of scrap metal. Two European Catalogue List Waste, codes 17 04 05, construction demolition wastes—iron steel 20 01 40, metals separated out from municipal, household, commercial, industrial waste, were ...

Session 1948-49 I.T is customary on the occasion of his inauguration for your President to give you an address, and a wide variety of subjects has been chosen in previous years. Sometimes the speaker discussed some facets of his professional work, and at other times the address reflected his interest in matters not strictly medical, as in last year's memorable dissertation. It was chance which ...

The success of the electronics industry over the last decade in developing the mass consumer market for computers, cellphones and other personal electronic equipment has been phenomenal. Society must now finds ways of safely and economically recovering the materials that are embedded in these products. This will require significant investment by governments, industry and individuals, in technol...

In an article about the importance of choice materilas, harmful impurities in synthetic cast iron, amd improving strength characteristics which requires a new method smelting iron using steel scrap as charge corrresponding crucible furnaces, presences metal charge, together with pig return own production, carburetors, and ferroalloys for purpose carburizing alloying to required chemical composi...

New copper plating bath chemisties are being developed to meet the emerging need of plating copper into submicron features on semiconductor wafers. These chemistries are designed to provide a fast, efficient, fill for even the most challenging wafer terrain. It has been found that maintaining the concentration of the additives in these plating baths at certain levels is critical to the performa...

According to conventional wisdom, rapidly growing stocks of scrap tires on the U.S.–Mexico border pose a variety of health and environmental risks. This article assesses these risks in Paso del Norte, the border’s second-largest metropolis comprised principally of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, and El Paso, Texas. We find that air pollution from tire pile fires poses the greatest threat. Scrap tires...

We examine the strategic interplay between a buyer’s design decision and the ensuing competition between suppliers in a three-tier closed-loop supply chain setting with significant recycling considerations. The nature of the engineering design decision in our research entails choice of integral versus modular design that has direct implications for the input raw material waste and ensuing compe...