T he ECWA Eye Hospital in Kano, Nigeria, is a mission hospital started by Dr Hursch, an American ophthalmologist, in the early 1940s. Although there are no surviving records from the time of Dr Hursch, I would venture to say that his practice of ophthalmology in Nigeria was not much different from his practice in America. Since the cutting edge tools of his day were loupes, and a small set of i...

Human modification of the environment has drastically changed ecosystems around globe. While forest-loss (deforestation) been well studied for its effects on ecosystems, afforestation also major impacts. The Udzungwa Plateau in Tanzania is naturally a mix forests and grasslands. However, non-native pine plantations have recently increased area displacing native grasslands montane plateau. In th...