Abstract Regional Climate Models (RCMs) are the primary climate information available to public stakeholders and city-planners support local adaptation policies. However, with resolution in order of ten kilometres, RCMs do not explicitly represent cities their influence on (e.g. Urban Heat Island; UHI). Downscaling methods required bridge gap between city scale. A statistical–dynamical downscal...

A high resolution eddy-resolving primitive equation numerical model, based on the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), is used to study the seasonal variability of the general circulation in the Central Mediterranean Sea. The model is run on a seasonal cycle, perpetual year simulation for five years, with nesting to the coarser resolution Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM), covering the whole Medit...

A climatology of wetlands has been derived at a low spatial resolution (0.258 3 0.258 equal-area grid) over a 15-yr period by combining visible and near-infrared satellite observations and passive and active microwaves. The objective of this study is to develop a downscaling technique able to retrieve wetland estimations at a higher spatial resolution (about 500 m). The proposed method uses an ...

Determining the conformational rearrangements of large macromolecules is challenging experimentally and computationally. Case in point is the ribosome; it has been observed by high-resolution crystallography in several states, but many others are known only from low-resolution methods including cryo-electron microscopy. Combining these data into dynamical trajectories that may aid understanding...

Based on the operational regional ensemble prediction system (REPS) in China Meteorological Administration (CMA), this paper carried out comparison of two initial condition perturbation methods: an ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) and a dynamical downscaling of global ensemble perturbations. One month consecutive tests are implemented to evaluate the performance of both methods in the op...

In this study, we compare two different cyclone-tracking algorithms to detect North Atlantic polar lows, which are very intense mesoscale cyclones. Both approaches include spatial filtering, detection, tracking and constraints specific to polar lows. The first method uses digital bandpass-filtered mean sea level pressure (MSLP) fields in the spatial range of 200 600 km and is especially designe...

Nitrogen dioxide vertical column density (NO2 VCD) measurements via satellite are compared with a finescale regional chemistry transport model, using a new approach that considers varying satellite footprint sizes. Spaceborne NO2 VCD measurement has been used as a proxy for surface nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission, especially for anthropogenic urban emission, so accurate comparison of satellite an...