Introduction: Following a proximal small bowel resection (SBR), the intestine adapts by increased crypt depth and villus height compared to sham operated mice (transection and reanastomosis only). The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a known mediator of intestinal adaptation and results in activation of the GTPase Rac. This activates PAK (p21-activated protein kinase) which may activa...

The benefits of deammonification to remove nitrogen from sidestreams, i.e., sludge dewatering liquors, in municipal wastewater treatment plants are well accepted. ammonia removal liquors originated thermal hydrolysis/anaerobic digestion (THP/AD) deemed challenging. Many different commercial technologies have been applied varying reactor design, biomass growth form and instrumentation control st...

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine strain expressing the saliva-binding region (SBR) of the Streptococcus mutans antigen I/II adhesin, either alone or linked with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin A2 and B subunits (CTA2/B) and under the control of the anaerobically inducible nirB promoter, in indu...

We consider the online list accessing problem and present a new family of competitive-optimal deterministic list update algorithms which is the largest class of such algorithms known to-date. This family, called Sort-by-Rank (sbr), is parametrized with a real 0 1, where sbr(0) is the Move-to-Front algorithm and sbr(1) is equivalent to the Timestamp algorithm. The behaviour of sbr() mediates bet...

We report the successful implementation of a surface-wave enabled dark-field aperture (SWEDA) directly on a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor sensor pixel (2.2mum). This SWEDA pixel allows predetection cancellation of a uniform coherent background. We show that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the SWEDA pixel is better than that of a single undressed pixel over a significant range of si...

Aerobic granulation of activated sludge was successfully achieved in a full-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with 50,000 m(3) d(-1) for treating a town's wastewater. After operation for 337 days, in this full-scale SBR, aerobic granules with an average SVI30 of 47.1 mL g(-1), diameter of 0.5 mm, and settling velocity of 42 m h(-1) were obtained. Compared to an anaerobic/oxic plug flow (A/O)...

In the last decade there has been an ongoing interest in string comparison problems; to a large extend the interest was stimulated by genome rearrangement problems in computational biology but related problems appear in many other areas of computer science. Particular attention has been given to the problem of sorting by reversals (SBR): given two strings, A and B, find the minimum number of re...

This paper introduces simulation-based re-enactment (SBR) as a novel method of documenting and studying the recent history of surgical practice. SBR aims to capture ways of surgical working that remain within living memory but have been superseded due to technical advances and changes in working patterns. Inspired by broader efforts in historical re-enactment and the use of simulation within su...

Resistance to soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & Syd., has been identified in many soybean germplasm accessions and is conferred by either dominant or recessive genes that have been mapped to six independent loci (Rpp1 -Rpp6), but No U.S. cultivars are resistant to SBR. The cultivar DT 2000 (PI 635999) has resistance to P. pachyrhizi isolates and field populations from t...

We have carried out continuous and step uniaxial extension experiments on monodisperse and bidisperse styrene-butadiene random copolymers (SBR) to demonstrate that their nonlinear rheological behavior can be understood in terms of yielding through disintegration of the chain entanglement network and rubber-like rupture via non-Gaussian chain stretching leading to scission. In continuous extensi...