Adult vertebrate skeletal muscle sodium channels are responsible for the spread of excitation from the end-plate through the muscle membrane and transverse tubular system that ultimately leads to contraction. These channels can be distinguished from other sodium channels by their sensitivity to both mu-conotoxin and TTX. The mouse satellite muscle cell line MM14 expresses only TTX- and mu-conot...

The integration of satellite and terrestrial networks is a promising solution for extending broadband coverage to areas not connected to a terrestrial infrastructure, as also demonstrated by recent commercial and standardisation endeavours. However, the large delays and Doppler shifts over the satellite channel pose severe technical challenges to traditional terrestrial systems, as LTE or 5G. I...

One of the proposed solutions for increasing the speed of Internet access is to connect the home user to a direct satellite channel, at a speed 20 times faster than that of an average telephone modem. Communication over satellite links is often characterized by sporadic high bit-error rates and burst losses. This is especially true when working in the Ka band, where weather conditions greatly a...

This paper investigates the performance of two TCP enhancements (i.e., Scalable TCP and HighSpeed TCP), recently proposed for high-speed backbone networks with a very large bandwidth-delay product, in a geostationary satellite environment. Both persistent and elastic traffic patterns are considered, performance being evaluated in terms of TCP throughput and mean session delay, respectively. The...

Mobile communication on the multi-beam satellite communication has attracted attention, since Digital Video Broadcasting – Return Channel Satellite (DVB-RCS) has been successively implemented. In general, multi beam satellite employs uniform allocation of RF power and bandwidth to multi beams, since it is hard to predict the distribution of traffic requests and the arrival rate of new connectio...

The performance of the Multicast Dissemination Protocol (MDP) in a simulated satellite channel is investigated. The environment that is modeled is that to be expected in a small satellite communications environment including channel errors and link interruptions. The satellite link is simulated with a channel environment simulator. The performance of MDP is compared with file transfer protocol ...

A multiple access protocol that is particularly suitable for cellular Internet access and satellite-based networks with on-board processing is developed in this paper. The basic idea is that when a user wishes to send a message, it transmits with a probability paccess that depends on the load on the channel. Under conditions of low load, the probability paccess approaches 1, while at high load ...

In the near future, existing terrestrial radio networks are envisioned to integrate with satellite systems in order to provide global coverage. In order to establish communication for both nonhand-held and hand-held user terminals, the radio link design must allow fulland half-duplex operation, respectively, where the latter is desirable when radiation power restrictions are imposed. In additio...

This paper investigates the applicability of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology to satellite communications at the Ku-band and above. After introducing the possible diversity sources to form a MIMO matrix channel in a satellite environment, particular emphasis is put on satellite diversity. Two specific different topics from the field of MIMO technology applications to satellite c...