Background Access to clean water and good sanitation are very important barometers of a healthy nation as the two are sine qua non to reducing many diseases. The interaction between water and sanitation on the one hand and the public health issues arising from in(efficient) systems of water and sanitation on the other hand have been well encapsulated in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 7...

introduction: in recent years spatial justice has gained special importance among planners and geographers. since the urban public services form the structure, shape and the nature of the physical, social and urban space, inequities in their distribution cause irreversible negative effects on the structure and the nature of city and social segregation of the people, and serious challenges in th...

As part of a citywide effort to increase lead poisoning awareness within the city of Hartford, Connecticut, the Hartford Health Department implemented a multifaceted public health campaign involving several novel elements and partnerships, including the use of municipal sanitation trucks to disseminate lead-poisoning prevention messages throughout the city. To evaluate campaign reach and effect...

The availability of water in adequate quantity and quality is imperative for sustainable development. Worldwide, significant imbalance exists with regards to sustainable development particularly from a water and sanitation perspective. Water is a critical component of public health, and failure to supply safe water will place a heavy burden on the entire population. Although the 21 century has ...

Local government is part of a three-sphere system of government. The Constitution mandates municipalities to provide several important services, including the four basic services of water, sanitation, refuse and electricity. These services are enshrined in the country’s Bill of Rights and are a social and legal right of all citizens. To fulfil their obligations, municipalities need to be well f...

this research aims to apply a model to the study and analysis of environmental and natural resource costs created in supply chains of goods and services produced in thailand, and propose indicators for environmental problem management, caused by goods and services production, based on concepts of sustainable production and consumer behavior. the research showed that the highest environmental co...