Since the mid-1990s, three states, including Oklahoma, have established a universal pre-kindergarten (pre-K) program. We analyze the effects of Oklahoma's universal pre-kindergarten (pre-K) program for four-year-olds on children in Tulsa Public Schools (TPS). The main difficulty with testing the causal impact of a voluntary pre-K program is that certain parents are more likely to select pre-K, ...

Sama Bajo fishing communities in Southeast Sulawesi maintain a strong cultural and economic orientation to diverse fishing-based livelihoods varied engagement with high value seafood market supply chains. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic within Indonesia early 2020, its viral spread across archipelago over 2021, had dramatic disruptive impacts on local economies distribution networks that sus...