Bed load sediment transport governed by particle saltation in supercritical open channel flows causes bedrock incision high-gradient mountain streams and hydro-abrasion at hydraulic structures. Hence, a better understanding of turbulent flow characteristics dynamics is prime importance for the prediction river landscape evolution, sustainable design To this end, we experimentally investigated s...

We report the peculiar behavior of the oblique impacts of a single sphere on stationary like spheres arranged in a tetrahedral array. We compare the resulting kinematic coefficient of normal restitution to that in impacts on a single sphere attached to a thick plate and in binary impacts. The results provide detailed insight into the generation of ejecta in the saltation process.

The freshwater rotifer, Filinia novaezealandiae, is a planktonic species in tropical limnetic ecosystems. Like other species in the genus, F. novaezealandiae has two mobile, anterolateral setae that supposedly facilitate saltation through the water column as a means of escape from predators. However, very little is known about setal structure or the control of setal movement. Here, we use a com...

We reveal that the transition in the saturated flux for aeolian saltation is generically discontinuous by explicitly simulating particle motion in turbulent flow. This is the first time that a jump in the saturated flux has been observed. The discontinuity is followed by a coexistence interval with two metastable solutions. The modification of the wind profile due to momentum exchange exhibits ...

Dust aerosols persistently affect nearly all landscapes worldwide, and the saltation activity caused by dusty weather (e.g., dust days) releases considerable amounts of aerosol into atmosphere. Nevertheless, dust-induced may also occur on non-dust days. To date, few studies have investigated characteristics Moreover, contribution days to total remains ambiguous. This study comprehensively inves...