Brackish springs have been extensively reported in Mediterranean coastal carbonate formations. The phenomenon is puzzling because these may discharge high flow rates with significant salinities at elevations of several meters above sea level. Although studied for millennia (since the ancient Greeks), controversy persists. In essence, they are typically assumed to consist a karstic conduit bring...

To understand the Hydro-Geochemistry of urban and semi urban areas of Karachi, located in an arid region of Pakistan, various physico-chemical parameters were investigated. Only continuously pumped productive deep and shallow wells and tube wells were chosen for the analysis for their best ecological functions including drinking, domestic, industrial and agricultural activities. Multivariate st...

Human-induced environmental change is occurring at an unprecedented rate and scale. Many freshwater habitats, in particular, have been degraded as a result of increased salinity. Little is known about the effects of anthropogenic salinization on freshwater organisms, especially at sublethal concentrations, where subtle behavioural changes can have potentially drastic fitness consequences. Using...

Irrigation with moderately saline waters may provoke soil salinization and sodification. The objectives of this three-year study were (1) to quantify these processes in two seedless table grapevines (Vitis vinifera cvs. Autumn Royal and Crimson) subject to a full irrigation and two regulated deficit irrigations (RDI, irrigated at 80% and 60% of net irrigation requirements from post-veraison til...

Soil salinization is one of the most important factors impacting plant productivity. About 3.6 billion of the world's 5.2 billion ha of agricultural dry land, have already suffered erosion, degradation, and salinization. Halophytes are typically considered as plants able to complete their life cycle in environments where the salt concentration is above 200 mM NaCl. Salinity adjustment is a comp...

Based on Landsat 8-OLI (operational land imager) images and field surveys, we mapped soil salinization across seven ecosystems in the Manas River basin (MRB), and two models of soil salinization (namely an index model and a sensitivity model) were constructed on a regional scale and on the scale of a unit. ArcGIS ordinary Kriging interpolation was used to determine the spatial distribution of t...

Analytical methods and numerical experiments are used to study salinization of groundwater in response to sea level rise. The system that is studied involves a saturated porous medium with an inclined upper surface. The upper surface is progressively inundated during sea level rise to simulate transgression, the landward migration of the shoreline. Four "modes" of seawater intrusion are disting...

• Bacterial richness declined but fungal increased under salinization. Bacteria did not become interactively compact or facilitative Fungi exhibited more compartmentalized and competitive patterns Fungal stability showed steeper increases salinization than bacterial stability. Soil is a typical environmental challenge in arid regions worldwide. Salinity stress plant convergent adaptations inter...

Microsprinkler irrigation is a potential method to alleviate soil salinization. After conducting a homogeneous, highly saline, clayey, and coastal soil from the Bohai Gulf in northern China in a column experiment, the results show that the depth of the wetting front increased as the water amount applied increased, low-salinity and low-SAR enlarged after irrigation and water redistribution, and ...