Understanding the spatial soil salinity aids farmers and researchers in identifying areas in the field where special management practices are required. Apparent electrical conductivity measured by electromagnetic induction instrument in a fairly quick manner has been widely used to estimate spatial soil salinity. However, methods used for this purpose are mostly a series of interpolation algori...

Constructed wetland systems are used to reduce pollutants and pathogens in wastewater effluent, but comparatively little is known about pathogen transport through natural wetland habitats. Fecal protozoans, including Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Toxoplasma gondii, are waterborne pathogens of humans and animals, which are carried by surface waters from land-based sources into coa...

soil salinity is one of the problems threatening agricultural lands. parts of this phenomenon are related to geologic formations and saltpans, while some major factors are resulted from irrelevant agricultural activities, issue of irrigation, and improper cultivation systems which lead to increase in soil salinity. to avoid such consequences that would end up with ecosystem degradation, suitabl...

charcoal rot diseases of melon caused by macrophomina phaseolina is one of the most important diseases of melon occurring in regions with variable climate. reduction of yield of melon by this disease has been reported up to 100% in some of garmsar field. salinity which can cause the important trouble in plant metabolism and nutrition is present in semnan and garmsar areas. melon is susceptible ...

Aims Human alterations of the environment are combining in unprecedented ways, making predictions of alterations to natural communities a difficult and pressing challenge. Estuarine systems have been subject to a high degree of modification, including increased nitrogen (N) inputs and altered salinity, factors important in shaping estuarine plant communities. As human populations increase and t...

In addition to supporting a harvest, the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in Chesapeake Bay provides ecosystem services such as removing seston, enhancing water clarity and creating benthic habitat. Our objective was to create a flexible ecosystem-based decisionmaking tool to support oyster restoration and management. This Oyster Restoration Optimization model (ORO) incorporates predictio...

Understanding the formation and spatial-temporal distribution of soil salt crusts (SSCs) is important for the sustainable management of the artificial shelterbelt and high-salinity groundwater utility in the Taklimakan Desert in Northwest China. The SSCs in this area were sampled, and their thickness and electrical conductivity (EC) were analyzed to examine the formation mechanism and the spati...

Fish populations are increasingly affected by multiple human and natural impacts including exploitation, eutrophication, habitat alteration and climate change. As a result many collapsed populations may have to recover in ecosystems whose structure and functioning differ from those in which they were formerly productive and supported sustainable fisheries. Here we investigate how a cod (Gadus m...

How multiple stressors influence fish stock dynamics is a crucial question in ecology in general and in fisheries science in particular. Using time-series covering a 30 yr period, we show that the body growth of the central Baltic Sea herring Clupea harengus, both in terms of condition and weight-at-age (WAA), has shifted from being mainly driven by hydro-climatic forces to an interspecific den...

the effects of sodium chloride (nacl) salinity (control; canal water with 0.4 ds m-1), 2.5 dsm-1, 5.0 ds m-1, 7.5 ds m-1 and 10.0 ds m-1, respectively) developed after 6 weeks of pruning (beginning of study) on plant growth, flowering and quality of three cut rose (rosa hybrida l.) cultivars viz. ‘kardinal’, ‘angelique’ and ‘gold medal’ were studied to achieve better management, quality product...