PURPOSE Surgical technique, patient characteristics and method of pathological review may influence surgical margin status. We evaluated the incidence and location of positive surgical margins in 200 sequential robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and 200 sequential open radical retropubic prostatectomy cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS From July 2002 until December 2006 a total of ...

Free radical cyclizations of the 4-phenylbutyl radical and analogues carrying naphthyl and vinyl groups instead of phenyl have been studied. A typical reaction scheme is given below involving closures to fiveand six-membered rings. Competition rate studies for the various types of ring closure were performed with deuterated analogues. The results can be used as an efficient mechanistic tool for...

The logographic nature of the Chinese writing system creates a huge hurdle for Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) learners. Existing literature (e.g., Shen, 2010; Taft & Chung, 1999) suggests that radical knowledge facilitates character learning. In this project, we selected 48 compound characters in eight radical groups and examined how grouping characters based on their radicals affected the...

The structure, charge distribution and electronic coupling between the functional groups, caused by the conversion of two main nitrobenzenes (pand m-dinitrobenzene) into radical anions was studied at B3LYP/6-311++G** level. The vibrational spectra of the neutral compounds and the radical anions, which are closely related to the structural and electronic changes, were also studied and discussed....