The Drosophila wing imaginal disc is a sac-like structure that is composed of two opposing cell layers: peripodial epithelium (PE, also known as squamous epithelia) and disc proper (DP, also known as pseudostratified columnar epithelia). The molecular mechanism of cell morphogenesis has been well studied in the DP but not in the PE. Although proper Dpp signalling activity is required for proper...

the effect of 10 and 25 kgy ?-irradiation on penicillin g plus procaine and sodium ampicillin has been assessed by different chemical and microbiological analytical methods. according to the chemical results obtained, the antibiotics showed a slight reduction in doses applied but the microbiological assays revealed that the activity of irradiated antibiotics did not reduce. microbiological stud...

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has been reported to possess excellent antifibrotic activity. In this study, we have investigated the effect and mechanism of tanshinone IIA (Tan-IIA), salvianolic acid A (Sal-A) and salvianolic acid B (Sal-B), the important active compounds of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, on areca nut extract (ANE)-induced oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) in vitro. Through human procollage...

BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of powerful, endogenous regulators of gene expression. This study was designed to ascertain if miR-30a is involved in the cardioprotective actions of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury through suppression of autophagy. METHODS Murine myocardial cells that had undergone primary culture were induced by ...

Tumor angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumor growth, progression and metastasis, and suppression of tumor angiogenesis has been considered as a promising anticancer strategy. Salinomycin (SAL), an antibiotic, displays novel anticancer potential against several human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. However, little information concerning its anti-angiogenic properties is available. Therefo...

The present study examined whether oral short-term administration of salbutamol (Sal) modifies performance and selected hormonal and metabolic variables during submaximal exercise. Eight recreational male athletes completed two cycling trials at 80-85% peak O(2) consumption until exhaustion after either gelatin placebo (Pla) or oral Sal (12 mg/day for 3 wk) treatment, according to a double-blin...

BACKGROUND Published findings indicate that acetaldehyde (ACD; the first metabolite of ethanol [EtOH]) and salsolinol (SAL; formed through the nonenzymatic condensation of ACD and dopamine [DA]) can be formed following EtOH consumption. Both ACD and SAL exhibit reinforcing properties within the posterior ventral tegmental area (pVTA) and both exhibit an inverted "U-shaped" dose-response curve. ...

Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is commonly used for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders including atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms responsible for the vasoprotective effects of Danshen remain largely unknown. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) represents one of the most bioactive compounds that can be extracted from the water-soluble f...

Glucuronidation is an important pathway in the elimination of salvianolic acid A (Sal A); however the mechanism of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in this process remains to be investigated. In this study, the kinetics of Sal A glucuronidation by pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs), pooled human intestinal microsomes (HIMs) and 12 recombinant UGT isozymes were investigated. The glucuronida...

BACKGROUND The involvement of the airway smooth muscle mediator nitric oxide (NO) in the actions of the β₂ agonist salbutamol (Sal), a well-known bronchodilator, is very poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To determine if endogenous NO release is a major factor in the Sal-induced relaxation of the carbachol- and electrical field-stimulated rat trachea and determine the role of the tracheal epitheli...