BACKGROUND Neural tube defects (NTDs) including spina bifida and anencephaly are the second most common birth defects with 2.8 per 1000 births in northern Iran. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to determine the risk factors of neural tube defects in Gorgan, north of Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS This hospital-based, case-control study was carried out on all NTD-affected pregnancies (n = 59)...

“wild thorns” is a novel written by the palestinian novelist sahar khalifeh; it focuses on the colonisation of palestine from a feminist point of view. she considers the israeli colonisation as a patriarchy. this paper aims at investigating two types of colonization that have been represented in the form of patriarchy in the novel. the investigation of the issue of palestine from a feminist poi...

Retraction Note: The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this Article. After publication, concerns were raised regarding the authenticity of images presented in Figs. 3, 5, 6 and 8. corresponding author confirmed that altered by a third party. Additionally, article contains substantial text overlap with previous paper from same group [1] Introduction Experimental sections. therefore no longer confide...

☆ We benefited from helpful comments from Paul Rom Stanford Conference on Latin America and the Caribbea support by the Inter-American Development Bank (IAD search and Innovation of the Leibniz Association. ⁎ Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 650 736 0942. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (E.A. Han (L. Woessmann). URL's: http://www.hanushek.net (E.A. Hanushek), http://www.cesifo.de/woessman...

Alicia Galindo-Ferreiro1,2, Hind M Alkatan3*, Sahar M Elkhamary4,5, Azza Maktabi6, Silvana Schellini1 and Antonio Augusto V Cruz7 1Oculoplastic Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2Ophthalmology Department, Rio Hortega University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain 3Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 4Diagn...

Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a specific type of encephalopathy. After viral infection, it can be diagnosed by bilateral symmetrical lesions predominantly observed in thalami & brainstem of infants & children. Although, it is commonly occurred in Japanese and Taiwanese population. The goal of this article is to report a rare case of ANEC in a 15 months old girl infant ...

BACKGROUND Reduction of neonatal mortality rate can improve health and newborn status of the society. This study was done to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of causes for neonatal mortality in Gorgan, North of Iran. METHODS this descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out on all birth in the maternity Dezyani hospital in Gorgan, North of Iran during 1 September 2008 -31 March 2011....

Dietary iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. Breast-fed infants are reliant on maternal iodine intake. The aim of this study was to evaluate iodine sufficiency in lactating women in Iran. The sample consisted of 100 lactating mothers referred to the Taleghani Hospital of Gorgan, Iran. Goiter was graded according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Spot urin...