Profiting from the great progress of information technology, a huge number multi-label samples are available in our daily life. As result, classification has aroused widespread concern. Different traditional machine learning methods which time-consuming during training phase, ELM-RBF (extreme machine-radial basis function) is more efficient and become research hotspot classification. However, b...

Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is a fundamental problem of great importance in molecular biology. In this study, we investigated several aspects of SAGA, a well-known evolutionary algorithm (EA) for solving MSA problems. The SAGA algorithm is important because it represents a successful attempt at applying EAs to MSA and since it is the first EA to use operator scheduling on this problem. Ho...

The Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a multifunctional coactivator complex that has been shown to regulate transcription by distinct mechanisms. Previous results have shown that the Spt3 and Spt8 components of SAGA regulate initiation of transcription of particular genes by controlling the level of TATA-binding protein (TBP/Spt15) associated with the ...

Tra1 is an essential component of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SAGA and NuA4 complexes. Using targeted mutagenesis, we identified residues within its C-terminal phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) domain that are required for function. The phenotypes of tra1-P3408A, S3463A, and SRR3413-3415AAA included temperature sensitivity and reduced growth in media containing 6% ethanol or calcofluor whit...

SAGA and ATAC are two distinct chromatin modifying co-activator complexes with distinct enzymatic activities involved in RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription regulation. To investigate the mobility of co-activator complexes and general transcription factors in live-cell nuclei, we performed imaging experiments based on photobleaching. SAGA and ATAC, but also two general transcription factor...

The Tra1 protein is a direct transcription activator target that is essential for coactivator function of both the SAGA and NuA4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes. The ∼400-kDa Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tra1 polypeptide and its human counterpart TRRAP contain 67 or 68 tandem α-helical HEAT and TPR protein repeats that extend from the N terminus to the conserved yet catalytically inactive...

Histone phosphorylation influences transcription, chromosome condensation, DNA repair and apoptosis. Previously, we showed that histone H3 Ser10 phosphorylation (pSer10) by the yeast Snf1 kinase regulates INO1 gene activation in part via Gcn5/SAGA complex-mediated Lys14 acetylation (acLys14). How such chromatin modification patterns develop is largely unexplored. Here we examine the mechanisms ...

BACKGROUND A linguistic validation of the Self-Assessment Goal Achievement (SAGA) questionnaire was conducted for 12 European languages, documenting that each translation adequately captures the concepts of the original English-language version of the questionnaire and is readily understood by subjects in the target population. METHODS Native-speaking residents of the target countries who rep...

Gene activation and repression regulated by acetylation and deacetylation represent a paradigm for the function of histone modifications. We provide evidence that, in contrast, histone H2B monoubiquitylation and its deubiquitylation are both involved in gene activation. Substitution of the H2B ubiquitylation site at Lys 123 (K123) lowered transcription of certain genes regulated by the acetylat...

From the * Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143; ‡ Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and § Department of Immunology, Institute for Genetics, University of Köln, Weyertal 121, D-50931 Köln, Germany; i Max-Planck-Institut für Immunbiologie, Stubeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany; and ¶ Department of Immunology, Saga Medical School, Nabeshim...