Both regulated expression of the clock genes kaiA, kaiB, and kaiC and interactions among the Kai proteins are proposed to be important for circadian function in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942. We have identified the histidine kinase SasA as a KaiC-interacting protein. SasA contains a KaiB-like sensory domain, which appears sufficient for interaction with KaiC. Disruption o...

Camphorquinone-10-sulfonic acid hydrate was prepared by the action of selenous acid on camphor-10-sulfonic acid. Camphorquinone-10-sulfonylnorleucine was prepared either from the sulfonic acid via the sulfonyl chloride or by selenous acid oxidation of camphor-10-sulfonylnorleucine. These reagents are useful for specific, reversible modification of the guanidino groups of arginine residues. Camp...

The Cu2+-tolerant yeast Yarrowia lipolytica accumulated Cu2+ until the late logarithmic phase. Thereafter, Cu2+ was temperature-dependently extruded into phosphate-limited culture medium containing high concentrations of heavy metal ions but not into 10 mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethane sulfonic acid (MES) buffer (pH 6.0). Peptone in the culture medium played an important role in the extrusion, which p...

Fluorescent dyes emitting red light are frequently used in conventional and super-resolution microscopy of biological samples, although the variety of the useful dyes is limited. We describe the synthesis of rhodamine-based fluorescent dyes with absorption and emission maxima in the range of 621-637 and 644-660 nm, respectively and demonstrate their high performance in confocal and stimulated e...

Saccharin, acting as a weak acid, forms salts with basic APIs and these salts have the desirable property of enhanced water solubility.

Sodium saccharin has been shown to be a promoting substance for urinary bladder carcinogenesis in the rat following initiation with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT), or N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. It has been shown to have many of the properties of promoting substances in other animal models, such as the mouse skin; it lacks mutagenic activ...

The etherification of glycerol with tert-butyl alcohol in the liquid phase, over different sulfonic acid functionalized zeolites, has been studied. The reaction was carried out using microwaves as a way of heating, measured at autogenous pressure and without any solvent. Dealuminated HY and HZSM-5 zeolites by acid treatment were functionalized with two different organosilica precursors: 3-merca...

Background: Since sperm parameters have a critical role in reproductive function, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of concomitant ethanol and saccharin consumption on sperm parameters in adult mice. Chronic ethanol consumption suppresses male reproductive function and sexual behavior in laboratory animals and humans. Furthermore, alcohol abuse by males has been correlated...