We consider entanglement witnesses arising from positive linear maps which generate exposed extremal rays. We show that every entanglement can be detected by one of these witnesses, and this witness detects a unique set of entanglement among those. Therefore, they provide a minimal set of witnesses to detect all entanglement in a sense. Furthermore, if those maps are indecomposable then they de...

An observable W that distinguishes all the unentangled states from some entangled states is called a witness. We consider witnesses on n qbits, and use the following normalization: A witness W satisfies |tr(W ρ)| ≤ 1 for all separable states ρ, while W > 1, with the norm being the maximum among the absolute values of the eigenvalues of W. Although there are n-qbit witnesses whose norm is expone...

This research examined the impact of eyewitness identification decisions on student-investigators. Undergraduates played the role of police investigators and interviewed student-witnesses who had been shown either a good or poor view of the perpetrator in a videotaped crime. Based on information obtained from the witness, student-investigators then chose a suspect from a database containing inf...

Information systems with witnesses have been introduced in [13] as a logic-style representation of L-domains: The category of such information systems with approximable mappings as morphisms is equivalent to the category of L-domains with Scott continuous functions, which is known to be Cartesian closed. In the present paper a direct proof of the Cartesian closure of the category of information...

We are pleased to respond to Brock’s (2008) comment on our article (Manning, Levine, & Collins, September 2007) examining the impact of the 38-witnesses story on the social psychology of helping, particularly because this response allows us to thank the various people who have contacted us following our article’s publication to engage us in a number of constructive, scholarly debates. Here we r...

I n his review of Benjamin Freedman's Duty and Healing: Foundations of a Jewish Bioethic, David Novak refers to Freedman's consideration of the issue of informed consent. 1 To say that physicians have a duty to inform patients of their reasonable options (leaving aside the lack of specificity of the term " reasonable ") does not mean that patients have the right to determine the course of their...

This meta-analysis examined 118 studies of the psychosocial outcomes of children exposed to interparental violence. Correlational studies showed a significant association between exposure and child problems (d = -0.29). Group comparison studies showed that witnesses had significantly worse outcomes relative to nonwitnesses (d = -0.40) and children from verbally aggressive homes (d = -0.28). but...

Eyewitnesses (n = 107) to a staged theft made identifications from a photo spread and then responded to 11 questions that measured their memory for peripheral details (e.g., how many pictures were in the room where the theft occurred?). Results indicated that witnesses who accurately identified the thief (n = 57) averaged fewer correct answers on the peripheral details test than did eyewitnesse...

OBJECTIVES To identify key themes related to tobacco advertising and promotion in testimony provided by tobacco industry-affiliated witnesses in tobacco litigation, and to present countervailing evidence and arguments. METHODS Themes in industry testimony were identified by review of transcripts of testimony in the Tobacco Deposition and Trial Testimony Archive (http://tobaccodocuments.org/da...