BACKGROUND Infants are virtually sterile at birth and frequently use antibiotics; our objective was to (1) characterize the longitudinal colonization with bacterial pathogens and associated antibiotic resistance in a cohort of community-dwelling infants in Northeast Ohio and (2) describe longitudinal concurrent antibiotic and daycare exposures. METHODS For 35 newborns, nasopharyngeal swabs we...

Fourteen sites evenly divided between the household kitchen and bathroom were monitored on a weekly basis for numbers of faecal coliforms, total coliforms and heterotrophic plate count bacteria. The first 10 weeks comprised the control period, hypochlorite cleaning products were introduced into the household during the second 10 weeks, and a strict cleaning regimen using hypochlorite products w...

background: to assess accessibility of iodinated salt and urinary iodine concentrations (uic) during pregnancy. this cross-sectional study was carried out between october and december, 2009 in urmia county, west azerbaijan (wa), iran. methods: data on demographic characteristics and iodinated salt accessibility were gathered through a questionnaire at 1st trimester. household salt samples and u...

Suppose that two files are available with some overlapping variables (U) and other variables unique to each of the two files (S and T ). Each of the variables (S, T, U) can be multivariate. Occasionally, we can match the same individuals (firms, establishments, or households) from the two files to create a larger file which contains fuller information. This procedure is called the exact matchin...

Managers of multiple-use forest areas in the tropics are often encouraged to assist resident and neighboring populations to market the non-timber benefits of those areas, thus giving them an incentive to conserve the forest. Markets for non-timber forest products (resins, nuts, etc.) are often very thin, however, with fluctuating prices and few households participating. In this situation, one m...

kashajam mahmood-ebne-hosein is one of the poets of second era in abbasi age. at first he worked as a cook in the court and then becamed famous as a poet and literary man by abi elhija hamdani .then by his son seif-ol-dole hamdani got attracted to egypt during his traveling. several books are remained after him such as a book of poem in which eulogy and description attained perfection.kashajam ...

To characterize the epidemiology of dysentery (defined as bloody diarrhoea) in Burundi, we reviewed national surveillance data and conducted a household cluster survey including two case--control studies: one at the household, the other at the individual level. We estimated that community incidences for dysentery (per 1000 residents) in Kibuye Sector were 15.3 and 27.3, and that dysentery accou...

The study of design and formation of urban space focuses on interaction of human and environment. This is an attractive subject that considers as interdisciplinary debates. Thinkers of urban studies pay attention to this matter empirically and theoretically in order to provide a desirable space for human being. This research is based on the theories of urban studies and urban sociology and so o...