In Iran, new centralization characteristic, especially during Pahlavi dynasty, has been convergence and its vast use in bureaucracy. Historical sociological studies have consensus on the issues of centralization, power centralization, and political sovereignty in Iran; however, these issues have some divisional interruptions and different levels of strength in some parts of the history. This es...

Australia's rural hospitals face most of the same issues and challenges faced by metropolitan hospitals. However they also face additional challenges around geographic isolation, their iconic status and role as major employers in local communities, and their close relationship with community based health services. Future opportunities include more formal integration with community service throu...

tthe study area included parts of the villages in behabad, of bafq county, yazd province, and pool research was conducted in 2008 and 2009. research findings show that rural workers and islamic councils have relatively been successful in development of rural entrepreneurship, and local people believe that entrepreneurs, officials, experts and local commentators, islamic council and rural worker...

nowadays, empowerment causes the development of rural regions, because rural development is realized by changing and evolution of the knowledge, skill and attitude of rural people. for the simple reason that after accepting the new and newer ways, their thoughts will be changed. as a result, rural people will have a new attitude toward agricultural activities and other economic activities in ru...

The heading 'rural planning' as a sector or government involvement is often absent from plan documents in many countries. But policy and legislation related to agricul tural, transporta tion and comt11unica tions, education, health and human services. and social welfare, sectors generally addressed in plans, have had far reaching and profound impacts on the physical conditions of, and infrastru...

introduction internationally, the most widely used term to describe the phenomenon of people owning or utilizing some sort of dwelling for recreational and secondary purposes is a second home. throughout the world, many different terms are used to describe second home. however, even if differences in defining the phenomenon do occur, the similarities between the terms and definitions are obviou...

introduction the historical experience of development process in developed countries revealed that rural development is a basic requirement for national development and that it should be considered and given high priority. accordingly in iran, the government also paid more attention to rural development in recent years. in this regard, different methods and approaches were implemented due to so...