نتایج جستجو برای: run and long
تعداد نتایج: 16930746 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The purpose of current paper is to survey the asymmetric effects of inflation's positive and negative shocks on inflation uncertainty in short-run and long-run. For this end, first, the Ball model (1992) has been extended through the decomposition of inflation shocks to money demand's positive and negative shocks and money supply's positive and negative shocks. Then, through using nonlinear aut...
T his study examines how oil price shocks interact with the stock market index within a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model in Iran. Based on quarterly data for the period from 1991 to 2017, the findings revealed statistically significant evidence of short-run and long-run asymmetric behavior of stock market index in response to the positive a...
energy is considered as an important input for agricultural products. a decrease in energy subsidy and its demand reduces agricultural outputs and raises the production costs. changes in production and costs may significantly affect welfare of the agricultural producers. the main objective of this study was to analyze the impact of increased energy prices (reduction in the subsidy) on the agric...
Many of the world’s economies experienced rapid structural changes due to globalization and other forces over past 50 years. During this period, developing countries were recipients massive foreign direct investment, their industrialization was accompanied by urbanization, city gigantism, related environmental issues, such as pollution. Over time, investments in education urban poor allowed mov...
in this paper asymmetric price transmission mechanism and nonlinear adjustment between producer and retail prices of milk were examined in zanjan province of iran. for this purpose, a two-regime threshold vector error correction model (tvecm) and a sup-lm test developed by hansen and seo (2002) were employed for checking presence of a threshold effect. application of unit root tests indicated t...
abstract: in the paper of black and scholes (1973) a closed form solution for the price of a european option is derived . as extension to the black and scholes model with constant volatility, option pricing model with time varying volatility have been suggested within the frame work of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (garch) . these processes can explain a number of em...
the minimum wage determination is one of the most significant economic issues exerting effects on macroeconomic variables. this study provides an empirical model using var method to analyze the long run relationships and short run dynamisms of factors affect general price level (with emphasis on minimum wage) during the period of 1978-2010. to examine long run relationships we used johansen-jus...
This article examines the relationships between government expenditures (current and capital) and private investment over the period of 1959- 2007 in Iran. To examine the long and short run relationships between model variables, the dynamic auto regression approach with distributed lag (ARDL) and the standard Granger causality relationship has been used. Findings indicate that based on long and...
the aim of conducting this study was to investigate the foreign language learning needs of undergraduate economics students and business management students in faculties of social sciences of alzahra and azad naragh university. in the study, which was designed on the basis of a qualitative-quantitative basis using interviews and questionnaires, 146 female undergraduate business management as we...
abstract the purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis first proposed by romer (1993); suggesting that inflation is lower in more open economies. according to this hypothesis, central banks have a lower incentive to engineer surprise inflations in more-open economies because the phillips curve is steeper. furthermore, comparing with other empirical studies, this paper has used the new kof...
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