during the course of further work to be reported at a later date. It is certain that there are differences in the effect of diet on different tissues as Long (1953) has found that, although the hexokinase activity of intestinal mucosa is depressed by a lowcarbohydrate diet, that of intestinal muscle is unaffected. In so far as attempts to reproduce the anomalies of carbohydrate metabolism obser...

Cultivation of algae for biofuel would result in the production of significant amounts of post-extraction algal residue (PEAR). The economic viability of algae as source of biofuel is dependent on deriving value from PEAR. Livestock feed is an attractive option for PEAR because of the successful utilization of other co-products by ruminants. While sufficient quantities of PEAR were not availabl...

Replacing dietary starch with sugar and sodium-propionate has been reported to improve performance in ruminant animals. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of replacing different sources of energy with barley grain in dairy calves′ starter on weaning, dry matter intake, average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency, skeletal growth, and fecal score. A total of 21 male calves (42 ...

An experiment was performed with the objective of evaluating the performance of beef steers on diets consisting of increasing levels of corn milling by-products (BP) (50% wet corn gluten feed, 50%wet distillers grains; DM basis) and different alfalfa hay levels. 280 yearling steers (370 kg BW) were blocked (3 blocks) by weight, stratified within block and assigned to 35 pens (8 steers/pen). Pen...

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that also causes economically important infections of livestock. In a recent paper, we employed a population genomic approach to investigate the molecular basis of ruminant host adaptation by S. aureus. The data suggest that the common pathogenic clone associated with small ruminants originated in humans but has since adapted to its adopted h...

Understanding of ruminant placental structure and function is essential for veterinarians and researchers. The ruminant placenta is classified as cotyledonary and synepitheliochorial on the bases of its gross anatomical features and histological characteristics respectively. The richly vascularized embryonic chorioallantois is lined on its outer surface by cells of the trophectodermal epitheliu...

Ruminant animals contribute significantly to the global value of agriculture and rely on a complex microbial community for efficient digestion. However, little is known of how this microbial-host relationship develops and is maintained. To begin to address this, we have determined the ability of three Bifidobacterium species isolated from the faeces of newborn calves to grow on carbohydrates ty...