Weed seeds may maintain their viability when passing through the digestive tract of cattle and can be therefore dispersed by animal movement or the application of manure. Whether different cattle types of the same species can cause differential weed seed fate is largely unknown to us particularly under non-grazed systems similar to Holstein-Friesian dairy farming. We investigated the effect on ...

Accumulation of 34 trace and major elements was analysed in 9 plant species ( Tussilago farfara , Arctium tomentosum Solidago canadensis Populus L., Eupatorium cannabinum Verbascum sp., Solanum nigrum Rumex crispus Betula pendula ) one fungus Schizophyllum commune collected from coal, PbZn-smelting, mixed-type waste heaps Upper Silesia (Poland). The most persistent extreme enrichment found the ...

Background: Microglial cells are immune that operate within the central nervous system. Abnormally activated microglia cause neuroinflammation, which is linked with neurodegenerative disease. Previous research has revealed Rumex crispus root extract exerts anti-inflammatory effects. However, it not known whether leaf (RLE) effects on murine microglial cells, such as BV-2 cells. This study propo...