Bacteria make up about half of the living organisms inside of the rumen. However, they do more than half of the work in the rumen. The bacteria work together. Some breakdown certain carbohydrates and proteins which are then used by others. Some require certain growth factors, such as B-vitamins, which are made by others. Some bacteria help to clean up the rumen of others’ end products, such as ...

Accurate estimates of microbial synthesis in the rumen are vital to optimize ruminant nutrition. Liquid- (LAB) and solid-associated bacterial fractions (SAB) harvested from the rumen are generally considered as microbial references when microbial yield is calculated; however, factors that determine their composition are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect...

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi. These toxins pose serious health concerns to animals as well as human beings. Biodegradation of these mycotoxins has been considered as one of the best strategies to decontaminate food and feedstuffs. Biodegradation employs the application of microbes or enzymes to contaminated food and feedstuffs. Ruminants are considered to be resistant ...

Slime production by microorganisms in the rumen of cattle and sheep has been advanced as a possible factor in feed-lot bloat by Jacobson and Lindahl (1955), and for frothy legume bloat by Hungate et al. (1955). The slime serves to entrap the fermentation gases and the resulting frothy ingesta blocks the ruminant's gas eructation mechanism. Lindahl et al. (1957) have produced experimental bloat ...

Slime production by microorganisms in the rumen of cattle and sheep has been advanced as a possible factor in feed-lot bloat by Jacobson and Lindahl (1955), and for frothy legume bloat by Hungate et al. (1955). The slime serves to entrap the fermentation gases and the resulting frothy ingesta blocks the ruminant's gas eructation mechanism. Lindahl et al. (1957) have produced experimental bloat ...

The growing public concerns over chemical residues in animal-derived foods and threats of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have renewed interest in exploring safer alternatives to chemical feed additives in ruminant livestock. Various bioactive phytochemicals including saponins appear to be potential 'natural' alternatives to 'chemical' additives in modulating rumen fermentation favourably and ani...

This study was conducted to investigate effects of disodium fumarate (DF) on fermentation characteristics and microbial populations in the rumen of Hu sheep fed on high-forage diets. Two complementary feeding trials were conducted. In Trial 1, six Hu sheep fitted with ruminal cannulae were randomly allocated to a 2 × 2 cross-over design involving dietary treatments of either 0 or 20 g DF daily....