for induction of ruminal acidosis, 10 clinically healthy three years old non pregnant female sheep were selected. prior to the infusion of sucrose (0 hour), rumen and blood samples were obtained in order to determine baseline rumen and blood ph, respectively. electrocardiogram (ecg) was also recorded. acute ruminal acidosis was induced experimentally with sucrose at a dose of 18g kg-1 body weig...

Dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) can decrease rumen pH because of their inherent acidity. Two replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiments were conducted with ruminally fistulated heifers to determine the effects of dietary inclusion and NaOH treatment of DDGS on rumen metabolism. In Exp. 1, dietary treatments were 0%, 20%, 40%, or 60% DDGS on a DM basis. The remainder of the diet was ...

All mechanistic rumen models cover the main drivers of variation in rumen function, which are feed intake, the differences between feedstuffs and feeds in their intrinsic rumen degradation characteristics, and fractional outflow rate of fluid and particulate matter. Dynamic modeling approaches are best suited to the prediction of more nuanced responses in rumen metabolism, and represent the dyn...

UNLABELLED The first cause of death of dairy calves is often diarrhea which is mainly caused by pathogenic bacteria, which can result in excessive use of antibiotics. However, facing the increase concern by the industry and consumers, the use of antibiotics not only to control pathogens, but also to manipulate growth, has become a challenge. Alternative additives, such essential oils, have the ...

The effect of soybean meal, feather meal and hair meal on dry matter (DM), energy and nitrogen (N) utilization by growing steers was evaluated in three metabolism studies. Feather meal (FM) and hair meal (HM) protein were substituted for 25, 50 and 75% (Exp. 1, 2 and 3, respectively) of the soybean meal (SBM) protein in pelleted protein supplements and fed in whole-shelled, corn-ground corncob ...

Experimentally inoculated sheep and cattle were used as models of natural ruminant infection to investigate the pattern of Escherichia coli O157:H7 shedding and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) location. Eighteen forage-fed cattle were orally inoculated with E. coli O157:H7, and fecal samples were cultured for the bacteria. Three distinct patterns of shedding were observed: 1 month, 1 week, and 2 m...

The effects of supplying increasing ruminal doses of exogenous polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (EPDE) on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion were studied using eight ruminally cannulated heifers, four of which were also duodenally cannulated, in a replicated Latin square. The heifers were fed a diet of 85.5% rolled barley grain and 14% barley silage (DM basis), and once daily they were g...

UNLABELLED To study the effects of an extract of plant flavonoids [Bioflavex (FL)] in cattle fed high-concentrate diets, 2 experiments were designed. In the first experiment, the effects of Bioflavex on the development of rumen acidosis was evaluated in 8 Holstein-Friesian crossbreed heifers (451 kg; SEM 14.3 kg of BW) using a crossover design. Each experimental period lasted 22 d; from d 1 to ...

In cattle, Escherichia coli O157 generally persists in the large intestine more often than in the rumen. In contrast to the rumen, the large intestine is lined by an epithelial membrane that secretes mucus. We hypothesize that substrates contained in intestinal mucus may constitute a source of energy that is preferentially used by E. coli O157. Therefore, our objective was to test the effects o...

Lasalocid, monensin or thiopeptin was administered intraruminally each at .33, .65 or 1.3 mg/kg body weight and evaluated for its effectiveness in preventing experimentally induced lactic acidosis in cattle. Four rumen-fistulated cattle were used for each dosage level and the design was a 4 x 4 Latin square with each animal receiving lasalocid, monensin, thiopeptin or no antibiotic. Acidosis wa...