backgrounds and aims: coxsakievirus b3 (cvb3), one of the six coxsakievirus b serotypes, is a member of the enterovirus genus within the picornaviridae family. cvb3 is an important pathogen of viral myocarditis, which accounts for more than 50% of viral myocarditis cases. the genome of cvb3, like that of other entroviruses, is a single-stranded, sense, polyadenylated rna molecule with 7400 nucl...

background and aims: in spite of a long tradition of fruit-tree growing in all provinces of iran, information on pear (pyrus communis) tree viruses is scant. in order to identify of the nature of the virus like symptoms and decline in pear trees, we carried out a survey for the occurrence of four important viruses. materials and methods: leaf samples of pear showing virus like symptoms were col...

among the viruses infecting honey bees, chronic bee paralysis virus (cbpv) is known to induce significant losses in honey bee colonies. cbpv is an unclassified polymorphic single stranded rna virus. using rt-pcr, the virus infections in honey bees can be detected in a rapid and accurate manner. bee samples were collected from 23 provinces of iran, between july-september 2011 and 2012. a total o...

objective: schizophrenia is a complex widespread neuropsychiatric disorder. this illness encompasses a complex debilitating mental disorder causing illusion, delusion, disturbed relationship, low motivation and decline of emotion. viral infection of the brain including borna disease virus (bdv) may play a role in transient or permanent neurological and behavioral abnormalities. this role of bor...

background and objectives : each year, enteroviruses infect millions of people and cause different diseases. the agents are usually detected using cell culture. rd (rhabdomyosarcoma) and l20b (l cells) are among the recommended cells by the world health organisation (who) for this purpose. even though cell culture is the most common method used in diagnosing enteroviruses in stool specimens, th...