Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is an unusual diagnosis in the pediatric age group. It is a syndrome characterized by pain in one or more extremities with a significant morbidity in childhood. Patients with RSD have frequently undergone many unnecessary investigations such that the diagnosis and treatment may be considerably delayed. The pathophysiology remains unclear; however, a number of ...

Chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) is the end outcome of organic heart diseases and one of the major diseases harmful to human health. Renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) is the anatomical basis of transcatheter renal sympathetic nerve ablation within the renal artery. To date, the roles of norepinephrine and angiotensin II (Ang II) in myocardial apoptosis and their underlying mechanisms ha...

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a challenging disease to control. Chronic overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system occurs early in HF and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effects of renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) in reducing lesions on the heart and kidneys in patients with CKD and chronic HF refractory pharmacological therapy and...

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is a complex syndrome with a plethora of signs and symptoms that vary, both among individuals and with the progression of the disease over time (1). Five clinical types of RSD are recognized, including minor causalgia, minor traumatic dystrophy, shoulder hand syndrome, major causalgia and major traumatic dystrophy. The term ‘causalgia’ (burning pain) is reserv...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of treatment with pamidronate in reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) refractory to previous treatment. METHODS We studied the response (disappearance of pain and functional improvement) to pamidronate (60 mg/day for 3 days) in 29 patients with RSD refractory to previous treatment for at least 14 days. RESULTS On day 45, complete pain disappearance was obser...

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is an inflammatory cytokine that plays a prominent role in stress-induced behavioral changes. In a model of repeated social defeat (RSD), elevated IL-1β expression in the brain was associated with recruitment of primed macrophages that were necessary for development of anxiety-like behavior. Moreover, microglia activation and anxiety-like behavior associated with RSD did ...

Renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) is a treatment option for patients with resistant arterial hypertension, but in some patients it is not successful. Predictive parameters on the success of RSD remain unknown. The angiogenic factors soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) are known to be assoc...

In social choice settings with strict preferences, random dictatorship rules were characterized by Gibbard [1977] as the only randomized social choice functions that satisfy strategyproofness and ex post efficiency. In the more general domain with indifferences, RSD (random serial dictatorship) rules are the well-known and perhaps only known generalization of random dictatorship. We present a n...

A study was carried out to evaluate the solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) for formaldehyde emission analysis of uncoated plywood. In SPME, formaldehyde was on-fiber derivatized through headspace extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The SPME was compared with desiccators (DC-JAS 233), small-scale chamber (SSC-ASTM D6007) and liquid-liquid extrac...

The consistent association of a bacterium with ratoon stunting disease (RSD) has been confirmed in South Africa by phase contrast and electron microscope examination of sugarcane tissue diffusates from a wide range of varieties. The bacterium is rod shaped, often curved and measures approximately 1,O-4,O pm x 0,2-0,3 ym. Bacteria appear to be systemic within plants affected by RSD, but are most...