This study investigated navigation with route instructions generated by digital-map software and synthetic speech. Participants, either visually impaired or sighted wearing blind folds, successfully located rooms in an unfamiliar building. Users with visual impairment demonstrated better route-finding performance when the technology provided distance information in number of steps rather than w...

Human produced route instructions are usually conveyed either verbally in spoken discourse or by written texts, or by graphical means, i.e. by illustrating the route in a map or by drawing sketch-maps, or by combining both kinds of external representations. Whereas verbal route instructions focus on the actions to be performed and take the spatial environment only as the frame for these actions...

The use of radio frequency identification (RFID) allows utility companies to read meters from a distance. Thus a meter reader need not visit every customer on his route, but only get within a certain radius of each customer. In finding an optimal route – one that minimizes the distance the meter reader travels while servicing each customer on his route – this notion of only needing to be close ...

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) [1] consists of a set of mobile hosts capable of communicating with each other without the assistance of base stations. The topology of ad-hoc networks changes rapidly. The Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) [2] routing protocol and other ondemand routing protocols suffers with many problems like delay and packet loss caused due to link break, time required ...

One of the actual tasks contemporary logistics business using “just in time” supply planning concept, is to distribute manufactured goods among objects distribution network most efficient manner at lowest possible cost. The article devoted problem finding optimal path structures. statement for multilayer data transmission networks (MDTN), which one representations multimodal transport networks,...