Every student begins physics with a well-established system of commonsense beliefs about how the physical world works derived from years of personal experience. Over the last decade, physics education research has established that these beliefs play a dominant role in introductory physics. Instruction that does not take them into account is almost totally ineffective, at least for the majority ...

In an attempt to promote the development of understanding over rote memorization, writing in mathematics has received increased attention in recent years. In Calculus, the Rule of Three (based on communicating ideas through algebraic, graphical and numerical means) has been replaced by the Rule of Four in which writing plays a central role. Educators agree that the benefits of writing include t...

The ability to bring to mind a past experience depends on the cognitive and neural processes that are engaged during the experience and that support memory formation. A central and much debated question is whether the processes that underlie rote verbal rehearsal-that is, working memory mechanisms that keep information in mind-impact memory formation and subsequent remembering. The present stud...

Quasi-Monte-Carlo methods are well-known for solving di erent problems of numerical analysis such as integration, optimization, etc. The error estimates for global optimization depend on the dispersion of the point sequence with respect to balls. In general, the dispersion of a point set with respect to various classes of range spaces, like balls, squares, triangles, axis-parallel and arbitrary...