Genetic modification of shoot and root morphology has potential to improve water and nutrient uptake of wheat crops in rainfed environments. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) varying for a tillering inhibition (tin) gene and representing multiple genetic backgrounds were phenotyped in contrasting, controlled environments for shoot and root growth. Leaf area, shoot and root biomass were similar until t...

abstract in order to study the effects of variety, water regime, zinc and cadmium levels on concentration, content and translocation of p, cu, fe and mn on rice, a factorial experiment was conducted consisting of four factors including: two varieties of rice (vandana and hashemi), two water regimes (flooded and nonflooded), three levels of zinc, and three of cadmium (0, 5 and 10 mg kg-1). the e...

Both water stress and P deficit limit soybean seed yield, but the effects of regimes application rates, their interaction on status, acquisition, partitioning, roles in yield performance have not been well-studied. Two genotypes (Huangsedadou (HD) Zhonghuang 30 (ZH)) with contrasting root dry weight (DW) were used to investigate formation under two (well-watered (WW) cyclic (WS)) three rates (0...

The plant hormones cytokinins (CKs) regulate multiple developmental and physiological processes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Responses to CKs vary in different organs and tissues (e.g. the response to CKs has been shown to be opposite in shoot and root samples). However, the tissue-specific targets of CKs and the mechanisms underlying such specificity remain largely unclear. Here, we ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study analysed the differences in nitrogen (N), non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and biomass allocation to the roots and shoots of 18 species of Mediterranean dwarf shrubs with different shoot-rooting and resprouting abilities. Root N and NSC concentrations of strict root-sprouters and species resprouting from the base of the stems were also compared. METHODS Solubl...

Shoot tips excised from shoot culture of Salvia officinalis were encapsulated in 2% or 3% (w/v) sodium alginate and exposed to 50 mM calcium chloride for complexation. Immediately or after 6, 12 or 24 weeks of storage at 4°C, the synthetic seeds were cultured for 6 weeks on half-strength MS medium supplemented with indole-3acetic acid (IAA) (0.1 mg/l) and solidified with 0.7% agar. The frequenc...

The effect of osmotic stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mitochondrial activity and phospholipid composition was investigated. Preliminary growth measurements showed that osmotic stress (-0.25 or -0.5 megapascal external water potential) inhibited the rate of shoot dry matter accumulation while root dry matter accumulation was less sensitive. We have determined that differences in sensitivi...

Calcium is an essential plant nutrient. It is acquired from the soil solution by the root system and translocated to the shoot via the xylem. The root must balance the delivery of calcium to the xylem with the need for individual root cells to use [Ca2+]cyt for intracellular signalling. Here the evidence for the current hypothesis, that Ca2+ travels apoplastically across the root to the Caspari...

Our understanding of plant growth in response to nitrogen (N) supply is mainly based on studies of mutants and transformants. This study explored the natural variability of Arabidopsis thaliana first to find out its global response to N availability and secondly to characterize the plasticity for growth and N metabolism among 23 genetically distant accessions under normal (N+), limited (N-), an...

Astragalus membranaceus is one of the most important traditional Korean and Chinese medicinal herbs because it contains triterpenoid saponins (astragaloside I, II, III, and IV), which have beneficial and pharmacological effects on health. In this study, we analyzed 10 mevalonate pathway genes that are involved in astragaloside biosynthesis using the Illumina/Solexa HiSeq2000 platform. We determ...