We report on a nondestructive clearing technique that enhances transmission of light through specimens from diverse plant species, opening unique opportunities for microscope-enabled plant research. After clearing, plant organs and thick tissue sections are amenable to deep imaging. The clearing method is compatible with immunocytochemistry techniques and can be used in concert with common fluo...

We present a new clearing policy suitable for combinatorial exchanges with multiple autonomous bidders and sellers. We compare the revenue generated using this clearing policy with the revenue generated using periodic clearing.

*The views expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia or the Federal Reserve System. he bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in 2008 will certainly be featured in history books as one of the greatest financial failures so far, but it will also be recorded as yet another episode of the historically successful performance...

In genetic diagnostics, the emergence of a so-called "patent thicket" is imminent. Such an overlapping set of patent rights may have restrictive effects on further research and development of diagnostic tests, and the provision of clinical diagnostic services. Currently, two models that may facilitate access to and use of patented genetic inventions are attracting much debate in various nationa...