Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from occipitoscapularis, semispinalis, and splenius neck muscles in five alert squirrel monkeys during 0.25-Hz rotations about horizontal axes oriented at 22.5 degrees intervals, including pitch, roll, and intermediate axes. The animals were oriented in either upright or upside down posture. In the upright posture, all monkeys exhibited compensatory...

L. W. Schultheis and D. A. Robinson showed that the axis of the rotational vestibuloocular reflex (RVOR) cannot be altered by visual-vestibular mismatch ("cross-axis adaptation") when the vestibulocerebellum is lesioned. This suggests that the cerebellum may calibrate the axis of eye velocity of the RVOR under natural conditions. Thus we asked whether patients with cerebellar disease have alter...

In order to reduce the computational complexity, and improve the pitch/roll estimation accuracy of the low-cost attitude heading reference system (AHRS) under conditions of magnetic-distortion, a novel linear Kalman filter, suitable for nonlinear attitude estimation, is proposed in this paper. The new algorithm is the combination of two-step geometrically-intuitive correction (TGIC) and the Kal...

BACKGROUND Stationary subjects who perceive visually induced illusions of self-motion, or vection, in virtual reality (VR) often experience cybersickness, the symptoms of which are similar to those experienced during motion sickness. An experiment was conducted to test the effects of single and dual-axis rotation of a virtual environment on cybersickness. It was predicted that VR displays which...

Using a dynamically scaled robotic wing, we studied the aerodynamic torque generation of flapping wings during roll, pitch, and yaw rotations of the stroke plane. The total torque generated by a wing pair with symmetrical motions was previously known as flapping counter-torques (FCTs). For all three types of rotation, stroke-averaged FCTs act opposite to the directions of rotation and are colli...

Abstract Quadcopter is the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle that can vertical tack off and landing. its useful platform for many applications in Commercial, civil or military . In this article ,we present  the Dynamics and Kinematics model of  quadcopter  and the effect of forces by introducing two frames on the ground and it’s body, also we design and implement the PID controller t...

LE leading edge Transonic free-to-roll and static wind tunnel tests for four military aircraft – the AV-8B, the F/A-18C, the pre-production F/A-18E, and the F-16C – have been analyzed. These tests were conducted in the NASA Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel as a part of the NASA/Navy/Air Force Abrupt Wing Stall Program. The objectives were to evaluate the utility of the freeto-roll test techniqu...

Attitude control refers to controlling the pitch and roll of a mobile robot. As environments grow more complex and cues to a robot’s pose sparser it becomes easy for a teleoperator using an egocentric (camera) display to lose situational awareness. Reported difficulties with teleoperated robots frequently involve rollovers and sometimes even failure to realize that a robot has rolled over. Atti...