Oxides are ubiquitous. The Earth’s crust and mantle are largely made up of compounds of metal cations and oxygen anions. Looking at the composition of the crust in Figure 1.1, we see that oxygen is the most abundant element and the most common metals are aluminum and silicon. Most rocks are therefore aluminosilicates. The next most abundant element, and the only transition metal other than tita...

tio2 /fe3o4 nanocomposites with various tio2:fe3o4 ratios were synthesized by an ultrasonic-assisted deposition-precipitation method and their uv-light decolorization of congo dye and magnetic separation were investigated. the nanocomposite samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (sem), powder x-ray diffraction (xrd), surface area analayzer (bet) and fourier transform infrare...

Pahae Julu is a sub-district located in North Tapanuli Regency, Sumatra. This area often found with volcanic material from the eruption of Mount Toba (Youngest Tuff). The Youngest Tuff occurred ~74,000 years ago volume 2,800 km3. When there an eruption, lava on earth's surface undergoes relatively fast freezing process to form igneous rock. These rocks contain various minerals, one which magnet...

In magnetism, of which molecular magnetism is a part, the term frustration is used rather sloppily. Sometimes one gains the impression that if the reason for some phenomenon is not quite clear then it is attributed to frustration. In this paper a discussion of the effects of frustration that are relevant for the field of molecular magnetism is presented. As will become clear later these effects...

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Abstract The presence of manifestation in the Gondang indicates a specific geological condition. Those manifestations are Banyu Kuning Hot Spring, Selo Gajah and Jari Mud Burst. purpose this study, which was carried out near Mount Pandan, to identify distribution magnetic fields anomalies, including patterns potential geothermal energy region based on its magnetism. It also aimed explain rock s...

Burnt deposits are an important source of information on ancient lifestyles, providing the possibility reconstructing size, intensity use, and functions fi replaces at prehistoric settlements, to assess fuel sources. We outline results a multidisciplinary study their contexts Surungur—a stratifi ed site in Fergana Valley, southern Kyrgyzstan. Sixteen samples from ash lenses intermediate were st...

Results of computer simulations based on ab initio methods are presented for the newly observed magnetism found in carbon-based and non-traditional inorganic materials. These results reinforce our previously proposed explanation about the nature and the origin of this “new type of magnetism” which attributes this to electron correlations effects which develop in the presence of defects and dopi...