The paper deals with the scheduling of a robotic cell in which jobs are processed on two tandem machines. The job transportation between the machines is done by a transportation robot. The robotic cell has limitations on the intermediate space between the machines for storing the work-in-process. What complicates the scheduling problem is that the loading/unloading operation times are non-negli...

Robotic manipulators have become part of manufacturing systems in recent decades. However, the realm Industry 4.0, a new type cell has been introduced—the so-called collaborative cell. In such environments, communication between human operator and robotic must be flawless, so that smooth collaboration, i.e., safety, is ensured constantly. Therefore, engineers focused on development suitable hum...